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nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 functions of the nervous system

A
  1. respond to internal and external environment
  2. decide on what action to take
  3. do the action
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2
Q

how does the nervous system respond to internal or external stimuli

A

sensory receptors

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3
Q

how does the nervous system decide on what action to take

A

integration center (brain)

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4
Q

how does mssage travel from sensory receptors to the integration center

A

afferent arm

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5
Q

how does the nervous system carry out an action

A

effectors

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6
Q

usually, what are effectors

A

muscles or glands

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7
Q

how do messages get from the integration center to the effectors

A

the efferent arm

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8
Q

what are the 2 signals cells communicate with

A
  1. electrical
  2. chemical
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9
Q

what is an example of an electrical signal

A

action potential

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10
Q

what is an example of a chmical signal

A

neurotransmitter

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11
Q

what is the difference between the nervous and endocrine system

A

the nervous system works faster than the endocrine system

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12
Q

how does a person have a reflex so fast

A

the sensory receptor does not have to go to the brain before the body reacts

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13
Q

what are the 2 sections of the nervous system

A
  1. central nervous system (CNS)
  2. peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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14
Q

what body parts are located in the central nerous system

A

the brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

what happens in the central nervous system

A

when the body decides on what action to take

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16
Q

what body parts are found in the peripheral nervous system

A

nerves

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17
Q

what takes place in the peripheral nervous system

A

a) the body responds to a stimli
b) the body carries out an action

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18
Q

what are the 2 kinds of nerves used in the peripheral nervous system

A
  1. spinal nerves
  2. cranial nerves
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19
Q

what takes place in the peripheral nervous system through spinal nerves

A

messages go to and from the spinal cord

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20
Q

what takes place in the peripheral nervous system through cranial nerves

A

messages go to and from the brain

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21
Q

at what point does the spinal cord end

A

L1-L2

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22
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the periphral nervous system

A
  1. sensory (afferent) division
  2. motor (efferent) division
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23
Q

where is the sensory (afferent) division of the peripheral nervous system directed

A

to the brain

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24
Q

where is the motor (efferent) division of the peripheral nervous system directed

A

to the organs

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25
what are the 2 divisions of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system
1. somatic nervous system 2. autonomic nrvous system
26
where do impulses of the somatic nervou system of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system go.
from the CNS to the skeletal muscle
27
is the action of the somatic nervous system of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system voluntary or involuntary
voluntary
28
what kind of muscles are used in the somatic nervous system of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system
skeletal muscles
29
what kind of nerve fibers are used in the autonomic nervous system of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system
visceral motor nerve fibers
30
what kind of muscles are used in the autonomic nervous system of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system
a) smooth muscles b) cardiac muscle c) clands
31
is the action of the autonomic nervous system of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system voluntary or involuntary
involuntary
32
what are the 2 subdivisions of the autonmic nervous system of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system
1. synapathetic 2. parasympathetic
33
what is the synapathetic subdivisions of the autonmic nervous system of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system
fight or flight
34
what is the parasympathetic subdivisions of the autonmic nervous system of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system
rest or digest
35
what are glial cells
small cells surrounding neurons
36
what are neurons
the main cell resposible for transmitting electrical signals
37
what 4 glial cells can be found in the central nervous system
1. astrocytes 2. microglial cells 3. ependymal cells 4. oligodendrocytes
38
what is the function of astrocytes
position the neurons in place and nourinsh the cell
39
what is the function of microglial cells
phagocytosis- cleans sells by eating away at debris
40
what is the function of ependymal cells
line the ventricles (cavities of brain and spinal cord) and regulate flow and production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
41
what is the function of oligodendrocytes
form the myelin sheath
42
what are the 2 kinds of glial cellsfound in th peripheral nervous system
1. satellite cells 2. schwaann cells
43
what is the function of satellite cells
position neurons in place and nourish the cells
44
what is the function of schwann cells
form the myelin sheath
45
what is the function of neurons
to conduct impulses
46
wht is unique about neurons
they are amitotic- their cells do not divide
47
what is a ganglion
a cluster of neuron cells in the peripheral nervous system
48
what is a nerve
a cluster of nerve fibers in the central nervous system
49
what is a nucleus
a cluster ofneurons within the central nervous system
50
what is a tract
a group of nerve fibers in the central nervous system
51
what is the function of a dendrite
convey incoming messages toward cell body as graded potentials
52
what is the function of the axon
generate nerve impulses and transmite them to the axon terminal
53
in what direction is anterograde movement
soma -> axon terminals
54
what moves with anterograde movement
mitochondria, sytoskeletal elements, membrane components, enzymes
55
in what direction is retrograde movements
axon terminal -> soma
56
what moves with retrograde movement
organelles to be degraded, signal moleculs, virusis, bacterial toxind
57
what is the importance of the myelin sheath
it allows impulses to occure quicker
58
the white matter in the bain and spinal cord is due to what
myelinated nerve fibers
59
the grey matter in the brain and spinal cord is due to what
nerve cell bodies, dendrites, neuroglia, and unmyelinated axons
60
what do sensory neurons do
transmit impulses from sensory receptors toward the central nerous system
61
what do motor neurons do
carry impulses from the central neurons to the effectors
62
what do interneurons do
the lie between motor neurons and sensory neurons

Anatomy (13 decks)

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