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the brain Flashcards

1
Q

what is cephalization

A

when umans eventually evolved into having heads, it led to a higher concetrartion of sensory organs (eyes mouth nose)

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2
Q

what are the 4 region of the human brain

A
  1. cerebral hemispheres (crebrum)
  2. diencephalon
  3. brain stem
  4. cerebellum
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3
Q

what is another name for the cerebral hemispheres

A

cerebrum

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4
Q

where can you find the cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum)

A

theleft and right side of the brain

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5
Q

what is the diencephalon mostly consisted of

A

the thalamus

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6
Q

what are the 3 parts of the brain stem

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
  3. medulla
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7
Q

what is the medella the control center of

A

the cardiovascular and respiratory center. meaning, it is what keeps you alive

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8
Q

what is the cerebellus the coordinator for

A

gross movement

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9
Q

what is grey matter

A

nonmeyelinated cell bodies

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10
Q

what is white matter

A

meyelinated axons

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11
Q

what is the basic pattern of the spinal cord

A

the white matter surrounds the grey matter

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12
Q

what is the basic pattern of the brain

A

the grey matter surrounds the white matter

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13
Q

what are ventricles

A

cerebrospinal fluid filled chamnbers that car continuous to one another as well as the centeral canal of the spinal cord

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14
Q

what kind of glial cells line the ventricles

A

ependymal cells

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15
Q

what hemisphere accounts for the majority of the brain’s mass

A

cerebral hemisphere

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16
Q

what are the gyri

A

ridges

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17
Q

what are the sucli

A

shallow grooves

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18
Q

what are the fissures

A

deep grooves

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19
Q

what two hemispheres does the longitudinal fissure seperate

A

the left and right

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20
Q

what does the transverse cerebral fissure seperate

A

the cerebrum and cerebellum

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21
Q

what are the 4 superficial divisions of the brain

A
  1. frontal
  2. parietal
  3. temporal
  4. occip
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22
Q

what is the one internal division of the brain

A

insua

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23
Q

what two lobes cover the insula

A

the frontal and tempora lobes

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24
Q

what sculcus would be opened to reveal the insula

A

lateral sulcus

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25
what is the cerebral cortex responsible for
awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding
26
what lobe of the brain is responsibe for seeing
occipital lobe
27
what lobe of the brain is responsibe for hearing
temporal lobe
28
what lobes of the brain is responsibe for speaking
frontal and temporal
29
what lobes of the brain are responsibe for thinking
all lobes
30
what are the 3 types of funtional areas in the cerebral cortex
1. motor areas 2. sensory areas 3. association areas
31
what side fo the body does the right side of the brain control
left
32
what lobe are the motor areas of the brain in
frontal lobe
33
what do motor areas of the brain control
voluntray movement
34
where is the primary (somatic) motor cortx located
the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
35
what does the motor homunculi represent
contralateral motor innervention of body regions
36
what is another name for the premotor cortex
motor association
37
what does the promotor cortex do
helps plan actoions (not peform them). responsible for muscle memory
38
what hemispher is broca's area found in
left hemishpere
39
what is brocas area reponsibe for
motor speech
40
what lobe is wernickes are found in
temporal lobe
41
what is wernickes area responsibe for
telling you what someone is saying to you
42
what id the frontal eye field responsible for
controling voluntary eye movement
43
what is the visual sense responsible for
seeing
44
wht is the auditory sense responsibe for
hearing
45
what is the olfactory sense responsible for
smelling
46
what is the gustatory sense responsible for
taste
47
what is the vestibular sense responsible for
balance, equilibrium
48
wht is the visceral sense responsible for
gas, bloating, stomach ache
49
what is the primary somatosensory cortex caipable of
spatial discrimination
50
what is spatial discrimination
the ability to identify the body region that is being stimulated
51
what region is the somatosensory association cortex in
parietal
52
what lobe is the somatosensory association cortex in
parietal
53
what does the somatosensory association cortex do
determine size texture and relationship of what is being felt
54
what lobe is the primary visual (striate) cortex found in
occipital lobe
55
what does the primary visual (striate) cortex do
tells you that you see something (not what you see)
56
what lobe is the primary visual association area in
occipital lobe
57
what does the visual association area do
tells you what you are seeing and help you to recognize faces
58
what lobe is the primary auditory cortex found in
temporal lobe
59
what does the primary auditory cortex do
tells you that you hear something and the pitch, loudness, and location
60
what lobe is the auditory association are found in
temporal lobe
61
what does the auditory association area do
tells you what you are hearing
62
what lobe is the vestibular cortex found in
insula
63
what does the vestibular cortex do
gives you awareness and position of body in space
64
what lobe is the offactory cortex found in
temporal lobe
65
what does the olfactory cortex do
tells you that you are smelling something
66
what lobe is the gustatory cortex found in
insula
67
what does the gustatory cortex do
tell you that you are tasting somethig
68
what lobe is the visceral sensory area found in
insula
69
what does the visceral sensory area do
makes you aware that your stomach hurts or you need to go to the bathroom
70
what are meninges
tough connective tissue sheets
71
what are the 3 layers of meninges (superficial -> deep)
1. dura matter 2. arachnid matter 3. pia matter
72
which of the 3 layers of meninges has 2 layers
dura matter
73
what is the space between the two layers of the dura matter
veins with venous blood
74
which of the 3 layers of meninges has finger like projections
arachnoid matter
75
what are the finger like projections of the arachnoid matter of the layers of meninges called
arachnoid granulations
76
what is the space between the two layes of dura matter called
superior sagital sinus/ dural venus sinuses
77
what is venous blood
high in CO2 and waste
78
which layer of the meninx is the strongest
dura mater
79
what do the arachnoid granulations protrude through
the dura mater and into superior sagital sinus
80
what do arachnoid granulations do
permit reabsorption of CSF back into venous blood
81
what kind of tissue is pia mater
delicate connective tissue
82
what does serebrospinal fluid do
protect the brain and spinal cord from blows and trauma. caries chemical signals. floats brain and spinal cord

Anatomy (13 decks)

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