unit 1 Flashcards
1
Q
anatomy vs. physiology
A
form vs. function
2
Q
gross anatomy
A
a microscope is not necessary to examine
3
Q
microscopoc anatomy
A
a microscope is necessary to examine
4
Q
developmental anatomy
A
looking at a sequence and growth to see an organisms changes
5
Q
regional anatomy (gross)
A
to study all of the systems in one part of the body
6
Q
systemic anatomy (gross)
A
to study one system in depth
7
Q
surface anatomy (gross)
A
parts of anatomy that you can see on the surface
8
Q
example of regional anatomy
A
head: bones- skeletal, skin- integumentary, muscle- muscular, blood vessles- cardiovascular
9
Q
example of systematic anatomy
A
skeletal system
10
Q
example of surface anatomy
A
bulging eyes
11
Q
cytology anatomy (microscopic)
A
to look at cells through a microscope
12
Q
histology anatomy (microscopic)
A
to look at tissues through a microscope
13
Q
what tool slices tissues thin enough so light can shine through it in the microscope
A
microtone
14
Q
cyto prefix meaning
A
cells
15
Q
histo prefix meaning
A
tissue
16
Q
logy suffix meaning
A
the study of
17
Q
example of developmental anatomy
A
embryology- studying the different phases that an embryo passes through as it grows
18
Q
why do red blood cells appear to have white spots in the the middle?
A
red blood cells have a thin spot that allows light to shine through it. the reason that red blood cells have this thin spot is because they lack a nucleous
19
Q
incisor
A
sharp tool for cutting
20
Q
molar
A
tooth with flat surface for grinding and chewing
21
Q
small joints of the hand allow for…
A
allow for flexible movement and a wide range of motion (opposable thumbs)
22
Q
where are organelles found
A
inside the cell
23
Q
what are cells
A
the basic unit of life
24
Q
what are the 4 macromolecular structures
A
- lipids: cholesterols
- carbohydrates (sugars): glucose
- nucleac acids: DNA, RNA
- protiens: hemoglobin (found in red blood cells)
25
cells with a common function ->
tissue
26
tissue with a common function ->
organ
27
organs with a common function ->
organ system
28
purpose of the nervous system
to evaluate the environment and help us to adapt to it
29
main organs of the nervous system
brain and spinal cord
30
purpose of the respiratory system
convert oxygen to CO2
31
main organs of the respiratory system
lungs
32
another name of the circulatory system
cardiovascular system
33
purpose of circulatory system
circulate blood. transportation sytem
34
main organs in the circulatory system
heart and blood vessels
35
purpose of digestive system
break down food and extract macromolecules
36
main organs in digestive system
stomach, large intestine, small intestine
37
purpose of excretory system
dispose of water soluble waste
38
main organs in excretory system
kidneys
39
purpose of musculatory system
allow the body to move
40
main organs in the muscular system
skeletal muscles, tedons
41
purpose of skeletal sysem
protect body and give it structure
42
main organ of skeletal system
bones
43
purpose of integumentary system
layer of protection for the body
44
main organs of integumentary system
skin
45
purpose of immune system
defend the body from infections and virus
46
main organs in immune system
lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels
47
purpose of endocrine system
regulates bodily development
48
main organs in endocrine system
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands
49
purpose of reproductive system
to reproduce
50
main organs in the reproductive system
men: testes
women: ovaries, uterus
51
why does the body need sunlight
for heat and light energy
52
why does the body need water
the body is 60% water
53
why does the body need food
nutriends and to produce ATP
54
why does the body need air
for oxygen to breathe
55
why does the body need normal temp and pressure
so it can remain at an equalibrium
56
homeo prefix
the same
57
stasis suffix
standing still
58
what is homeostasis
the ability of the body to maintain relativley stable internal conditions despite changes in the externalenvironment
59
is the body always in a static state
no, conditions should always vary and rock back and forth a little bit. this is okay as long as it is within relativley narrow limits.
60
what does the receptor do?
detect the problem
61
what does the control center do
evaluate data and determine how to solve the problem
62
what does the effector do
carry out the corrective action
63
what is negative feedback
when the goal is to counteract the initial condition
64
what is positive feedback
when the goal is to enhance the initial condition
65
where is the control center
in the brain or nervous system
66
what actions does the body take to resolve hypothermia
shivering and vasoconstriction
67
what organs are involved in shivering
muscules
68
what does shivering do
produce heat
69
what does vaso mean in vasoconstriction
blood vessels
70
what does vasoconstrition do
conserve heat by decreasing blood flow
71
what actions does the body take if someone is suffering with hyperthermia
sweat and vasodilation
72
what organs are involved in sweating
skin and sweat glands
73
what does sweating do
opens up pores, produces water on the skin, has a cooling effect as the water evaporates
74
what does vaso mean in vasodilation
blood vessels
75
what does vasodilation do
release heat by increasing blood flow, especially to the face, where the heat can escape from the cheeks
76
what is the anatomical position
a fixed universal position of reference
77
describe the anatomical position
erect body with feet slightly apart, face looking straight forward, arms on the sides with palms facing forward
78
what is the axial
the midline or main axis of the human body (head to crotch, dones not go down arms or legs)
79
what are the appendiculars
refers to the appendages or limbs (2 upper: arms) (2 lower: legs)
80
sagital plane
divides the body into the right and left dut does not have to be in the middle
81
midsagital
divides the body into the right and left right down the middle
82
frontal/ coronal plane
divides the body into the front (anteior) and back (posterior). does not have to be in the middle
83
transverse/ horizontal plane
divides the body into the top and bottom. does not have to be in the middle
84
oblique planes
divides the body into any type of angle, rather than vertical or horizontal. divides it randomly
85
lateral
away from the midline
86
medil
toward the midline
87
intermediate
between two things
88
how to use intermidiate in a sentence
it is intermediate between _ and _
89
cranial/ cephalic
towards the head
90
caudal
towards the butt
91
posterior/ dorsal
back
92
anterior/ ventral
front
93
superior (do not use on arms and legs)
above
94
inferior (do not use on arms and legs)
below
95
proximal (only use for arms and legs)
closer to the attachment point
96
distal (only use for arms and legs)
away from attachment point
97
what cavities make up the dorsal body cavity
the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity
98
what is the cranial cavity
the brain
99
what is the vertebral cavity
the spinal cord
100
what is the thoratic cavity
the heart and lungs
101
what cavities make up the thoracic cavity
supirior mediastinum, pleural cavity, pericardial cavity within the mediastinum
102
what caities make up the ventral body cavity
thoracic cavity, diaphragm, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
103
what is the abdominal cavity
the digestive viscera (organs)
104
what is the pelvic cavity
bladder, reproductive organs, rectum
105
in positive feedback, what pathway is the information sent along
afferent
106
in positive feedback, the output information is sent along what pathway
efferent
107
serosa membranes
heart membranes
108
visceral
inner
109
parietal
outer
110
peri prefix
around
111
cardium suffix
heart
112
pericardial cavity
filled with fluid to avoid friction (heart)
113
visceral pericardium
inner lining around the heart
114
parietal pericardium
outer lining around heart
115
parietal pleura
outer lining around lungs
116
pleural cavity
filled with fluid to avoid friction for the lungs
117
visceral pleura
inner lining around the lungs
118
pariteal peritoneum
outer lining of the diaphram
119
peritoneal cavity
where fluid is for diaphram to avoid friction
120
visceral peritoneum
the inner lining of the diaphram
121
the basic abdominopelvic quadrants
right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant
122
THEIR right upper region
right hyopchondriac region
123
hyop prefix
low
124
chondriac suffix
cartilage
125
organs in the right hypochondriac region
liver, gallbladder
126
upper middle region
epigastric region
127
epi prefix
above
128
gastric suffix
stomach
129
what organs are found in the epigastric region
liver, stomach, pancreas
130
THEIR upper left region
left hyopchondriac region
131
what organs are found in the left hypochondriac region
stomach, pancreas, spleen
132
THEIR right middle region
right lumbar (lateral) region
133
what organs are found in the right lumbar region
right kidney
134
what is the center region
umbilical region
135
what organs arefound in the umbilical region
intestine
136
THEIR left center region
left lumbar region
137
what organs are found in the left lumbar region
left kidney
138
THEIR right bottom region
right iliac region
139
what organs are found in the right iliac region
appendix
140
bottom middle region
hypegastric region
141
hypo prefix
below
142
gastric suffix
stomach
143
organs found in the hypogastric region
bladder, reproductive organs, rectum
144
THEIR left bottom region
left iliac region
145
what does every region have
intestines
