Nervous System Flashcards by Aaron Okrainsky

PNS

Everywhere but Brain & Spinal Cord

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CNS

Spinal cord & Brain

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Neurons

Cell bodies, Dendrites, Axons

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Dendrites

Receive information from other neurons

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Axons

Transmit information to other neurons

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Chemical Transmission

Between neurons, synapse, w/ neurotransmitters

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Excitatory neurotransmitters

Cause sodium channels to open, initiates action potential

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Inhibitory neurotransmitters

More difficult for neuron to achieve action potential

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Sensory neurons

Carry information from sensory receptors on PNS to CNS

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Motor neurons

Carry information from CNS to PNS

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Meninges

Membrane of the brain

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Lobes of cerebrum

Frontal, Temporal, Occipital, Parietal

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Hemorrhage

Rush of blood in the brain

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Ischemic stroke

Blockage of blood in the brain

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Hypoglossal

Tongue/Taste

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Oculomoter

Eye/Movement

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Optic

Eye/Sight

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Vestibulocochlear

Sound & Balance/Hearing

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Olfactory

Nose/Smell

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Trigeminal

Face/Facial touch

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Neurons

Conduct and transmit impulses

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Neurotransmitters

Chemicals that neurons use to communicate with within synapses

Threshold stimulus

Required to induce an action potential

Schwann cells

Produce myelin

Brain stem

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla oblongata

Corpus callosum

Connects the left and right hemisphere

Cerebral cortex

Surface of the cerebrum made up of gray matter

Cerebrum

Controls thinking, memory, hearing, and vision

Cell at resting potential

More negative inside than outside

Behavior

Influenced equally both by left and right hemisphere

Left brain

Analytical, mathematical

Right brain

Creative

Structures that protect the CNS

Blood brain barrier, Cerebrospinal fluid

Gaba

Neurotransmitter that inhibits excitatory the cause anxiety; nature's Valium

Glia Cells

Support cells, don't send messages

Multiple Sclerosis

Autoimmune disease that destroys myelin, impairs nerve conduction, and causes weakness

Broca's Aphasia

Can understand, but omits certain words

Wernicke's Aphasia

Can talk, but often jumbled nonsense

Meningitis

High fever, life threatening, headache, inflammation of the brain membranes

Alzheimers

Degenerative, Kills brain cells, confusion, memory loss

Parkinsons

Affects nerve cells that produce dopamine, causes tremors

Organophosphates

Caused from pesticides, affect acetylcholine receptors

Botulism

Caused from rotten food, affect acetylcholine receptors

Anatoxin A

Caused from algae, affect acetylcholine receptors

Cocaine

Blocks reuptake pumps, causes dopamine to be stuck in the synapse, dopamine receptors in full use constantly, leads to decreased dopamine receptors

Frontal lobe abnormalities

Short term memory loss, apathy, loss of conscience thinking, different personality

Occipital lobe

Vission issues

Temporal lobe

Hearing and memory loss

Parietal lobe

Spatial awareness issues, understanding issues

Label- Thalamus

Above hypothalamus, in the circle

Label- Brain Stem

Outside to inside, Spinal cord, medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

Label- Optic chiasm

X shaped, more towards the front

Label- Pituitary gland

Bottom, middle of brain

Label- Olfactory Bulb

From of the brain