Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Major difference between afferent neurons and efferent neurons

A

The afferent neurons (sensory neurons) have cell bodies in the PNS and the cell body is bypassed by the axons and dendrites. The efferent (motor neuron) have dendrites attatch to the soma and the soma and dendrites are both located in the CNS

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2
Q

interneurons account for how many of all neurons?

A

99%

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3
Q

Outtermost membrane of schwann cells are called

A

neurilemma

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4
Q

Why are neurilemma important?

A

because they appear to be critical in nerve regeneration

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5
Q

these cells have long thread-like processes that stretch out and attach neurons and blood vessels together.

A

astrocytes

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6
Q

these cells perform the critical function of searching for and destroying any microorganisms that may have gotten into the CNS. They will also sweep and dispose of any cellular debris resulting from disease or damage within the CNS tissue.

A

microglia

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7
Q

these cells serve a similar function as the Schwann cells in the PNS. They form myelin sheaths around nerve axons within the CNS.

A

Oligodendrocytes

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8
Q

cells are very important as they line all of the hollow places inside of the CNS. They also secrete cerebrospinal fluid into those spaces.

A

Ependymal Cells

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9
Q

All reflex arcs are composed of at least 5 parts:

A
  • Receptor
  • Sensory neuron
  • Synapse
  • Motor neuron
  • Effector organ
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10
Q

Sensory nerves are isolated into the ____ of the spinal cord

A

dorsal root

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11
Q

Motor nerves are iolated into the ______ of the spinal cord

A

ventral root

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12
Q

Whit box

A

Information processing

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13
Q

black boxes

A

sensory information with afferent division and motor commands within efferent division

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14
Q

green boxes

A

special sensory receptors, somatic sensory receptors, visceral sensory receptors

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15
Q

Maroon

A

Somatic Nervous System, autonomic nervous system

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16
Q

Navy

A

Parasympathetic, sympathetic

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17
Q

Purple

A

skeletal muscle

-smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

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18
Q

A

A

Endoneurium

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19
Q

B

A

Perineurium

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20
Q

C

A

Epineurium

21
Q

D

A

Fascicle

22
Q
A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Dendrite
  3. Axon
  4. Nodes of Rancier
  5. Myelin-Forminc Cell
  6. Cell Body
  7. Axon
  8. Myelin
23
Q

Nerve cells are leaky to what ion

A

potassium

24
Q

what is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

A

more positive on the outside than the insside.

25
Q

This simply means that these neurotransmitters are synthesized from amino acids and contain a catechol group and thus the name.

A

catecholamines

26
Q

neurotransmitter that play roles in sleep, moods, and pleasure functions as well as motor function

A

catecholamines

27
Q

neurotransmitters that have morphine like activity in the CNS

A

Endorphins and enkephalins

28
Q

The brainstem is separated anatomically from the spinal cord by an imaginary line through the

A

foramen magnum

29
Q

area of the brain is critical as a relay station between the cerebrum and the cerebellum

A

pons

30
Q

The surface of the cerebrum is convoluted into a series of elevated ridges called gyri, separated by shallow depressions called sulci, or even deeper grooves called fissures. What does this allow?

A

These features increase the surface area of the cerebrum providing more room for the cortical neurons.

31
Q

posterior to the central sulcus and anterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus

A

parietal lobe

32
Q

posterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus.

A

occipital lobe

33
Q

part of the brain that houses your personality, your memories, your decision making skills, everything about you that occurs inside your head

A

neural cortex

34
Q

Two enlargements in the spinal cord

A

cervical and lumbar

35
Q

1,2,3

A

reflex arc, dorsal root, ventral root

36
Q
A

epidural space

37
Q

This layer resemble cobwebs with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filling all the spaces

A

arachnoid mater

38
Q

A, B, C, D, and E

A

A. Lateral ventricles

B. Third ventricle

C. Cerebral aqueduct

D. Fourth ventricle

E. Central canal

39
Q

A, B, C, D, and E

A

A. Lateral ventricles

B. Third ventricle

C. Cerebral aqueduct

D. Fourth ventricle

E. Central canal

40
Q

fluid filtered from the blood must be returned to the blood. This occurs in a large vein that runs through the longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum called the

A

sagital sinus

41
Q

If CSF does not return to the blood, a condition known as ______ can occur

A

hydrocephalus

42
Q
A

corpora quadrigemina

43
Q

c, d, e, f

A

C. Diencephalon

D. Mesencephalon

E. Pons

F. Medulla Oblongata

44
Q
A

epidural space

45
Q
A

respiratory centers

46
Q

1, 2, 3, 4

A
  1. Depolarizing
  2. Overshoot
  3. Repolarizing
  4. Resting Potential
47
Q

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

A
  1. Terminal of Presynaptic axon
  2. Synaptic Vessicle
  3. Vesicle Docking site
  4. Synaptic cleft
  5. Postsynaptic cell
48
Q

1,2,3

A
  1. Presynaptic receptor
  2. Autoreceptor
  3. Postsynaptic receptor