Nervous system

Question 1

subdiv of PNS?

Answer 1

somatic, autonomic, enteric

Question 2

what is functional unit of nervous system?

Answer 2

neuron

Question 3

these interneurons relay info over great distances

Answer 3

relay (long axons, Golgi type 1)

Question 4

these interneurons process info within specific regions of brain

Answer 4

local (short axons, Golgi type 2)

Question 5

two types of afferent neurons

Answer 5

pseudounipolar (somatic sense), bipolar (special sense)

Question 6

efferent neurons are ____

Answer 6

long axon multipolar (can be unmyelinated)

Question 7

two types of interneurons?

Answer 7

anaxonic, multipolar w/ short axon

Question 8

functions of glia

Answer 8

support, insulation (myelin), scavenge, remove neurotrans, induce BBB, injury regrowth

Question 9

PNS glial cells

Answer 9

schwann, satellite

Question 10

CNS glial cells

Answer 10

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

Question 11

section of unmyelinated axon membrane between 2 schwann cells

Answer 11

Node of Ranvier

Question 12

tip of a growing axon is called:

Answer 12

growth cone

Question 13

neural stem cells migrate to:

Answer 13

ependyma, hippocamp, enteric

Question 14

myelinated axons are ___ matter, ___ matter are all the rest

Answer 14

white; grey

Question 15

demyenilation results in:

Answer 15

MS

Question 16

this equation predicts membrane potential resulting from contribution of all ions that can cross mem ([ ] x permeability)

Answer 16

GHK equation

Question 17

how is GHK diff from Nernst?

Answer 17

Nernst is just single ion

Question 18

variable strength signals that travel over short distance and lose strength as travel along cell, for short distance communication

Answer 18

graded potential

Question 19

brief large depolarization that travel long distance thru neuron without losing strength

Answer 19

action potential

Question 20

GP gen by ___ ion channels or ____ ion channels

Answer 20

ligand gated; mech gated

Question 21

rising phase of AP characterized by:

Answer 21

Na entering cell

Question 22

repolarization phase of AP characterized by:

Answer 22

K leaving cell

Question 23

hypoerpolarization occurs cuz:

Answer 23

K wants to move closer to Ek

Question 24

speed of AP propagation influenced by:

Answer 24

diameter of axon (larger is faster), resistance of membrane to leakage (saltatory myelinated axons)

Question 25

^ in blood K [ ] is called:

Answer 25

hyperkalemia

Question 26

GP summation is referred to as:

Answer 26

post synaptic integration

Question 27

diff between pre and post synaptic inhibition?

Answer 27

pre target one, post target all

Question 28

dorsal root carries ____ info to CNS, ventral carries ____

Answer 28

afferent; efferent

Question 29

sections of spinal cord?

Answer 29

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

Question 30

this initiates a response without input from brain

Answer 30

spinal reflex

Question 31

which pair of cranial nerves don't originate along brain stem?

Answer 31

olfactory

Question 32

this lies between stem and cerebrum, consists of thalamus, hypo, pineal, pit., involved with homeostasis

Answer 32

diencephalon

Question 33

post pit is __ tissue, ant pit is ___ tissue

Answer 33

neural; endocrine

Question 34

functional areas of cerebral cort?

Answer 34

sensory, motor, association

Question 35

2 hems connect by:

Answer 35

corpus callosum

Question 36

primary somatosensory:

Answer 36

touch, temp, pain, itch, body position (systemic)

Question 37

special senses:

Answer 37

devoted regions for visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory (also equilibrium)

Question 38

sensory receptors act as ____

Answer 38

transducers

Question 39

example of simple receptor:

Answer 39

pain

Question 40

example of complex neural receptor:

Answer 40

touch (Pacinian corpuscle)

Question 41

ex. of special sense receptor:

Answer 41

hair cell of ear (release neurotrans into sense neuron)

Question 42

_____ enhances contrast and makes stim easier to perceive

Answer 42

lateral inhibition

Question 43

what is tonic receptor?

Answer 43

slow-adapting, respond for duration of stim (eg. touch)

Question 44

what is phasic?

Answer 44

receptor rapidly adapt to constant stim and turn of (eg. smell)

Question 45

symp path originate from ____, has ___ ganglion chains, ___ preganglionic neuron and ___ postganglionic

Answer 45

thoracic/lumbar; 2; short; long

Question 46

parasymp ganglia located _____, and originate from ___

Answer 46

on or near target; brain stem

Question 47

symp mediated by ___

Answer 47

hypothal, pons, medulla

Question 48

example of cooperative work?

Answer 48

penile function

Question 49

____ contans 75% parasymp fibres

Answer 49

vagus nerve

Question 50

autonomic postganglionic axons end w/ swollen areas at distal ends called

Answer 50

varicosities (diffuse release)

Question 51

neuroendocrine tissue on top of kidneys assoc. with symp

Answer 51

adrenal medulla

Question 52

adrenal medulla secretes ___

Answer 52

epinephrine

Question 53

axonless cell bodies

Answer 53

chromaffin cells (secrete Epinephrine)