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Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

upper motor neurons vs lower in cell bodies

A

upper – cerebral cortex

lower – spinal corn in ANTERIOR HORN

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2
Q

corticospinal tract

A

mediate voluntary movement, also integrate skilled, complicated movements

carry impulses that INHIBIT muscle tone

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3
Q

spinothalamic tract

A

SENSORY pathway

pain temperature and touch

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4
Q

posterior column

A

SENSORY pathway

position, propioception, vibrationo, pressure and fine touch

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5
Q

mental status

A

A + O X 3

  • awake and oriented THREE TIMES
  • say is patient awake and oriented

self – know their name

place

time

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6
Q

mental status

A

A + O X 3
- awake and oriented THREE TIMES

self – know their name
place
time

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7
Q

ankle reflex

A

sacral 1 primarily

ankle rested and hit from behind

example of deep tendon reflex

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8
Q

knee reflex

A

deep tendon reflex

lumbar 2,3,4

extremity must be hanging

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9
Q

biceps reflex

A

C 5 and 6

example of deep tendon reflex

patient can be sitting or lying down

finger over the brachial tendon

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10
Q

trriceps reflex

A

C 6 and 7

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11
Q

crnaial nerves to check

A

I, II (visual acuity check) , III, IV (superior oblique movement) ,V

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12
Q

light reflex

A

CN III - do you get constriction of pupil with light reflex?

keeps it open
- if harmed then get ptosis – drooping of eyelid

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13
Q

physical exam standpoint with eye

A

III, IV, or VI

patient cant do something - that nerve is effected - then do more tests to determine if muscle or nerve

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14
Q

CN VI

A

ABDUCENS
lateral rectus

EOM - how can check this

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15
Q

muscle activation determined on level of

A

0-5

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16
Q

deep tendon relfexes

A

ankle, biceps, knee

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17
Q

deep tendon relfexes

A

ankle, biceps, knee

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18
Q

biceps reflex gets

A

C5 and 6

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19
Q

deep tendon relfexes graded on scale of

A

0-4+

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20
Q

4+ with deep tendon

A

very brisk hyperactive with clonus

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21
Q

3+ with deep tendon reflexes

A

brisker than average

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22
Q

2+?

A

average response with deep tendon reflex

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23
Q

1+

A

somewhat diminshed with deep tendon relfexes

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24
Q

1+

A

somewhat diminshed with deep tendon relfexes

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25
glasgow coma scale
used to evaluate the level of consciousess following a traumatic brain injury ``` score is based on: eye opening (4 points ) ``` verbal response (5 points) motor response (6 points) three things examines best score = 15 worst score = 3 =<8 = coma
26
glasgow coma scale lowest score
3 (1 of each) best score = 15 8 or below = coma status
27
eye opening in terms of glasgow coma scale
4 points response 4 -- spontaneous (best) 3 = to voice 2 = to pain 1 = none
28
verbal with glasgow coma scale worth
5 points 5 = normal conversatino (best) 4 = disoriented conversation 3 = words but not coherent 2 = NO words only SOUNDS 1 = none
29
motor response in terms of glasgow coma scale
6 points total 6= obeys commands 5= localizes to pain 4= withdraws to pain 3= FLEXION to pain 2= EXTENSION to pain 1= no motor response
30
sucking and snout reflexes
special techniques / specific signs more utalized in infants
31
sucking reflex
suckin movement of an infant's lips elicited by touching them or adjacent skin
32
snout reflex
a pouting or pursing of the lips that is caused by light tapping of the closed lip near the midline
33
gray matter
consists of aggregations of neuronal cell bodies rims surfaces of cerebral hemispheres - forming cerebral cortex deep in brain - basal ganglia - thalamus - hypothalamus
34
basal ganglia - general
deeper cluster of gray matter and effects movement
35
thalamus - general
deeper cluster of gray matter and processes sensory impulses and relays to the cerebral cortex
36
hypothalamus - general
deeper cluster of gray matter and maintains homeostasis and regulates temperature, HR, BP, -releasing factors at directly on the pituitary gland
37
white matter - basic
neuronal AXONS that are coated with myelin - give the color
38
cerebellum basic function and locatrion
lies at the base of the brain and coordinates all movement and helps maintain the body upright in space
39
axons in upper vs lower motor neuron
upper - synapse in brain (CN), spinal tract (PN) lower - terminate at NMJ
40
lesions in upper motor neuron
- spasticity and rigidity - increase deep tendon reflexes - extensor plantar response
41
lesions in lower motor neuron
weaness, loss of reflexes, muscle wasting
42
tract that can carry impusles that inhibit muscle tone
corticospinal tract
43
corticobulbar associated with
CN - motor pathway
44
extrapyrimadal system
maintains muscle tone and control body movement - like walking
45
basal ganglia pathway responsible for
automatic movements
46
cerebellar system - general
coordinates muscle activity, equilibrium, control posture
47
one to note if basal ganglia pathway affected
parkinsonism
48
one eto note if cerebellar system affected
nystagmus
49
upper motor neuron systems are damaged ABOVE THE CROSSOVER OF ITS TRACT IN MEDULLA (still in brain) ....
motor impairment develops on the OPPOSITE / CONTRALATERAL SIDE
50
upper motor neuron systems are damaged BELOW THE CROSSOVER, ...
motor impairment occurs on the SAME SIDE / IPSILATERAL side of the body
51
two main sensory pathways
spinothalamic and posterior column
52
reflex - basic
affarent sensory --- posterior root ganglion --- anterior horn cell --- anterior root -- efferent motor fiber
53
chec CN V
trigeminal since it controls muscles of mastication and sensation to face and oral cavity we can test stregth of muscles of mastication and sensation and corneal relfex
54
corneal reflex
associated with CN V | - have to touch the cornea NOT the sclera
55
CN III palsy
patient cannot move eye up and in - controls the inferior oblique so patient looing STRAIGHT ahead -- unable to move eye in that direction hence the CN III palsy
56
CN VI
abducent -- lateral recture do an EOM
57
Cn VII
function - facial movement, taste of anterior 2/3 examine in 5 dimensions
58
VIII
vestibulo-cochlear --> hearing and balance gross hearing test
59
CN IX
glossopharyngeal - sensory to pharynx and posterior 1/3 of tongue and tympanic membrane secretory to parotid gag reflex - say 'AH'
60
examine CN IX by also examines?
gag relfex - say 'AH' CN X - vagus
61
test ___ with head rotation against resistance , shoulder elevation
CN XI -- spinal accessory as it innervates SCM and trapezius
62
CN XII
hypoglossal -- motor to tongue examine by midline protrusion
63
midline protruion examines
hypoglossal nerve -- CN XII
64
motor system exam numbers
0-5 | graded based on a five , 5/5 or 3/5
65
motor test of 3
active movement against gravity | BUT CAN NOT resist additional pressure
66
motor test of 5
active movement against gravity with FULL RESISTANCE to normal motor strength
67
motor test of 4
movement against gravity with resistance
68
motor test 2
active movement of the body with GRAVITY ELIMINATED
69
motor test 1
barely detectable flicer or contraction
70
motor test 0
no muscular contractino detected
71
sucking and snout reflex normal in?
infants -- NOT in adults
72
bell's palsy
lower portion of face recieves from opposite side peripheral lesion - takes out that whole one side CN VII --> takes it ALL out on that side - lower portion is only from opposite side central lesion - still have some from the ipsilateral side - maintain some of the UPPER portion - still have connection of ipsilateral side not beig knocked out
73
meningeal signs
brudzinski sign kernig's sign
74
brudzinski sign
flexion of the neck toward the chest causes the patient to flex his hips and knee seen in patients with meningitits
75
what is seen in patients with meningitis
brudzinski signs - flexion of the neck toward the chest causes patient to flex hips and knees
76
kernig's sign
seen in patients with meningitis inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees
77
plantar response
stimulation of the outside of the sole, results in plantar flexion of the big toe so like points toes downwards -- normal response
78
babinski reflex
abnormal plantar response stimulation of outside of the sole results in dorsi-flexion (flexes toward TOP of the foot) of the big toe
79
babinki reflex can be normal in?
children younger than 2
80
babinski reflex implication
abnormal POSITIVE = abnormal = babinski plantar reflex response AFTER the age of 2 - indicated a CNS lesion in the CORTICOSPINAL TRACT

Oral Surgery (26 decks)

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