Nervous System (Big concepts)

Question 1

What are the three functions of the Nervous System?

Answer 1

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

What does sensory input do?

Answer 2

Gathering information
Monitors changes occurring inside and outside the body (Changes = stimuli)

Question 3

What does integration do?

Answer 3

It process and interprets sensory input and decides if action is needed

Question 4

What does motor output do?

Answer 4

It’s a response to integrated stimuli and the responses activates muscles or glands

Question 5

What does central nervous system (CNS) include?

Answer 5

The brain and spinal cord

Question 6

What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) include?

Answer 6

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 7

What is the first function of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 7

*Sensory (afferent) *
Its nerve fibers that carry information to the central nervous system

Question 8

What is the second function of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 8

*Motor (efferent) *
Nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the central nervous system

Question 9

What are the two subdivisions of the motor division (PNS) ?

Answer 9

Somatic nervous system - voluntary
Autonomic nervous system - involuntary

Question 10

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 10

It’s the involuntary branch of the nervous system. Consisting of only motor nerves.
Divided into two divisions - Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 11

What is the sympathetic divison?

Answer 11

The fight or flight response
It deals with the response the unusual stimulus, it takes over to increase activates
(Remember as the E division, exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment)

Question 12

What is the parasympathetic division?

Answer 12

Housekeeping activates
It works to conserve energy, maintaining daily necessary body functions
(Remember as the D division, digestion, defecation, and diuresis)

Question 13

What are the three classification of nerves and what do they include?

Answer 13

Mixed nerves - both sensory and motor fibers
Afferent (Sensory) nerves - carry impulses towards the CNS
Efferent (Motor) nerves - carry impulses away from the CNS

Question 14

How does reflex work?

Answer 14

A reflex happens when an impulse travels from the receptor, your skin, along a sensory neuron into the spinal cord. The impulse jumped across a synapse to an interneuron, then across another synapse to a motor neuron. The impulse traveled along this nerve to a muscle effector in your leg. After this, an impulse traveled up your spinal cord to your brain, but you had already reacted.

Question 15

What is the the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and the sympathetic division?

Answer 15

The sympathetic division is a part of the autonomic nervous system, specifically responsible for mobilizing energy and resources when your body needs to respond to stress or danger.

Question 16

Wat is the relationship between the stomatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 16

The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system are two branches of the peripheral nervous system. The two systems work together. For example, if you’re running, your autonomic nervous system will increase your heart rate and respiration to supply oxygen to your muscles.

Question 17

What is the relationship between reflex and spinal reflex?

Answer 17

A spinal reflex is a specific type of reflex that is processed directly in the spinal cord

Question 18

What is the relationship between peripheral nervous system and motor division?

Answer 18

The motor division is a functional part of the PNS, responsible for carrying out the brain and spinal cord’s instructions to control muscle movements and essential bodily processes.

Question 19

What is the patellar reflex?

Answer 19

The knee-jerk reflex
A deep tendon reflex that is elicited by tapping the patellar tendon, located just below the kneecap

Question 20

What is a dendrite?

Answer 20

Thin fiber that extends from a nerve cell

Question 21

What is an axon terminal?

Answer 21

The specialized end of axons that transmit messages to other cells using neurotransmitters

Question 22

What is action potential?

Answer 22

A rapid change in electrical potential across a cell membrane, specifically a nerve or muscle cell

Question 23

What is a neurotransmitter?

Answer 23

Chemical messengers in the body that transmit signals between nerve cells

Question 24

What is the synaptic cleft?

Answer 24

The narrow gap between two neurons at a synapse, where communication occurs

Question 25

What is the relationship between the cerebral hemispheres and the corpus callosum?

Answer 25

The corpus callosum is the bridge between the cerebral hemispheres, a dense bundle of nerve fibers allowing communication between the two sides.

Question 26

What is the relationship between the central nervous system, brain, and spinal cord?

Answer 26

The CNS is made of the brain and spinal cord

Question 27

What is the relationship between axons and white matter?

Answer 27

Without white matter, axons would struggle to transmit signals efficiently, leading to slower processing and impaired coordination between brain regions. Axons form the pathways, and white matter ensures they function at top speed.

Question 28

What is the relationship between efferent neurons and the motor neurons?

Answer 28

Efferent neurons are the broader category of neurons that carry signals away from the central nervous system to the body. Motor neurons are a specific type of efferent neuron that directly control muscles, prompting movement

Question 29

What is the relationship between the thalmus and the hypothalamus

Answer 29

The thalamus and hypothalamus are both key structures within the diencephalon. Think of the diencephalon as the "command center," the thalamus as the "switchboard" for sensory signals, and the hypothalamus as the "regulator" of basic bodily needs.