Nervous system development

Question 1

brain development starts at wk __ post conception

Answer 1

wk 3

Question 2

rostral-caudal migration in embryonic phase is determined by __

Answer 2

nodal signalling

Question 3

epiblast becomes the __

hypoblast becomes the ___

Answer 3

epi = foetus
hypo = surrounding structures

Question 4

the 1st well defined neural structure to form =

forms at day __-__

Answer 4

neural tube

20-27

Question 5

hollow centre of neural tube becomes __

Answer 5

ventricular system and central channel of spinal cord

Question 6

presencephalon > ____ (>cerebrum) + ___ (>thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus

Answer 6

telencephalon

diencephalon

Question 7

___becomes the midbrain

Answer 7

mesencephalon

Question 8

___>metencephalon(>+) + myelencephalon (>__)

Answer 8

rhombencephalon
pons, cerebellum
medulla oblongata

Question 9

Emx2 in high concn causes differentiation of progenitor cells to ___
this occurs caudally/rostrally

Answer 9

visual cortical neurons

caudally

Question 10

Pax6 in high concn causes differentiation of progenitor cells to ___
this occurs caudally/rostrally

Answer 10

motor neurons

rostrally

Question 11

embryonic period lasts from __-___ wk

Answer 11

0-9wks

Question 12

foetal period lasts from __-__

Answer 12

wk 9 to term

Question 13

initially the brain is ___ and then sulci and gyri form

Answer 13

lissencephalic (smooth)

Question 14

primary sulci form _-_wks

Answer 14

wk8-26

Question 15

secondary sulci form __-__ wks

Answer 15

30-35

Question 16

tertiary sulci form __-__

Answer 16

wk3-infancy

Question 17

progenitor cells in ventricular zone divide __ then ___

Answer 17

symmetrically (2 progenitors) then asymmetrically (progenitor and neuron - cant divide further)

Question 18

neurons migrate from ventricular zone to __

Answer 18

neocortex

Question 19

myelination occurs sequentially __to__ and __to __ mainly in first 2yrs of life until 20s

Answer 19

bottom to top

back to front

Question 20

____ progenitor cells develop processes that form myelin sheaths

Answer 20

oligodendrocyte

Question 21

neural tube insult can lead to __/__

Answer 21

anencephaly

spina bifida

Question 22

failure of brain vesicles to develop causes ___

Answer 22

holoprosencephaly

Question 23

double cortex is caused by

Answer 23

migration disorders

Question 24

Pelizaeus Merzbacher is the most severe form of mutation in the ____
it causes

Answer 24

PLP1 on Xchromosome - encodes predominant myelin protein in CNS
nystagmus, hypotonia and cognitive impairment => shortened lifespan

Question 25

PLP1 on X chromosome mutation that causes a normal lifespan but spastic paraparesis +/- CNS involvement

Answer 25

Spastic paraparesis 2