Normal Flashcards

(52 cards)

1
Q

what age range counts as adolescence

A

10-20yo

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2
Q

the system used to define pubertal stages

A

Tanner stages 1-5

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3
Q

STEP assessment of developmental stage stands for

A

Sexual maturation and growth
Thinking
Education/Employment
Peers/Parents

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4
Q

Things to discuss with young people - HEEADSSS

A
Home
education/employment
eating
activities
drugs
sex
suicide
safety
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5
Q

prescribing drugs in obese teenagers - what do you calculate the dosage bY?

A

their ideal body weight

otherwise if went by their weight they would OD

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6
Q
infant = \_\_\_ led growth
child = \_\_\_ led
pubertal = \_\_\_\_ led
A

nutrient
growth hormone
sex hormone

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7
Q

sufficient for 3% of population with lowest nutritional needs =

A

LRNI

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8
Q

sufficient for 97% of the populations nutrient needs

A

RNI

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9
Q

if breastfeeding the mother will take ___ vit D supplements

A

10microns

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10
Q

if from 6months old and on <500ml formula milk = give ____ supplements

A

vit A C D

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11
Q

wean at what age

A

6m

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12
Q

can fully introduce full fat cows milk at what age?

A

12m

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13
Q

can introduce semiskimmed milk at what age?

A

2yo

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14
Q

can introduce skimmed milk at what age?

A

5yo

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15
Q

infants should be gluten free before what age?

A

<6m

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16
Q

avoid whole nuts and seeds until what age?

A

5yo

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17
Q

91st centile and above for BMI makes a child classed as __

A

overweight

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18
Q

98th centile and above for BMI makes a child classed as ___

A

obese

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19
Q

normal centiles for a childs BMI

A

between 25th and 75th

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20
Q

Tanner stage 1 =

A

pre puberty - no signs of puberty development

M = high voice

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21
Q

Tanner Stage 2-3 =

A
in puberty
any breast (first sign) / axillary hair growth = F
slight voice deepening, testes and penis growth, pubic and axillary hair growth = M
22
Q

Tanner 4-5 =

A

completing puberty
started periods, breasts and axillary hair = F
broken voice, facial hair, adult penis and hair = M

23
Q

age before which puberty is deemed precocious in girls and boys

A
8yo = F
9yo = M
24
Q

account for premature birth when calculating age until the child is

25
4 areas of child development
gross motor fine motor and vision language and hearing social behaviour and play
26
5 neonatal primitive reflexes
``` moro sucking and rooting palmar and plantar grasp ATNR stepping and placing ```
27
ATNR in neonates =
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex - fencing - to stop rolling off unstable surface normal = disappears by age 6m
28
if not walking by now start to worry
18m
29
variation from the mean =
standard deviation
30
___% lie within 1SD of the mean
68%
31
___% lie within 2SD of the mean
95%
32
height is measured on expiration or inspiration
expiration
33
premature = < ___ wk gestation
37wks
34
average age of puberty for boys and girls
``` boys = 11.5yo girls = 11yo ```
35
puberty is initiated by __
GnRH level increasing which then increases LH and FSH
36
pubertal delay age in boys and girls =
``` boys = 14yo girls = 13yo ```
37
Age of average peak height velocity for boys and girls
``` boys = 14yo girls = 12yo ```
38
mean adult height difference M:F =
12.5-14cm
39
Investigations for growth problems =
``` bloods (LFTs, growth factors, testosterone/oest, TFT, karyotype) bone age dynamic function tests MRI brain US uterus ```
40
Ix for precocious puberty
MRI head US pelvis LH stimulation test
41
Rx to stop precocious puberty
LHRH suppression therapy until 10yo and then will start puberty again at 11yo
42
babies can lose up to __% of their birth weight because ___
10% | pee it out
43
constitutional delay =
temporary delay in growth that then catches up
44
rescue breaths to chest compression in kids ratio
2:15
45
if kid isnt breathing normally first give ___ then __ chest compressions and then ___
5 rescue breaths 15 2 rescue and repeat 15:2
46
if ineffective cough in a child and airway obstruction and conscious =
5 back blows then 5 thrusts (chest for infant, abdo if <1yo)
47
if ineffective cough, airway obstruction and child is now unconscious =
open airway - 5 rescue breaths and CPR 15:2
48
Newborn screening includes:
``` CF medium chain acyl coA dehydrogenase deficiency sickle cell congenital hypothyroidism PKU maple syrup urine disease isovaleric acidaemia glutaric aciduria type 1 homocystinuria ```
49
testes size ___ consistent with onset of puberty
>=4ml
50
mode of inheritance of sickle cell =
auto recessive
51
mode of inheritance neurofibromatosis
auto dom
52
MELAS mode of inheritance =
mitochondrial