Nervous system exam Flashcards
(71 cards)
1
Q
A typical motor neuron
A
Axon
2
Q
Functions of an axon
A
Conducts impulse away from the cell body.
3
Q
Functions of an axon Hillock
A
Generates A.P.
4
Q
Functions of a dendrite
A
Convey incoming messages toward the cell body.
5
Q
Functions of a myelin sheath
A
Insulates and protects axons,
conducts impulse quicker made by Schwan cells in the PNS and oligodendrocytes in CNS
6
Q
Functions of a node of ranvier
A
Gaps in the sheath
Allows an action potential to propagate quickly down an axon.
7
Q
Functions of a cell body
A
Biosynthetic Center
Contains all organelles except centrioles.
8
Q
Acetycholine
A
Leads to muscle contraction
9
Q
Cranial nerves
A
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyneal
Vagus
Spinal Accessory
Hypoglossal
10
Q
Olfactory-
A
smell
11
Q
Optic-
A
sight
12
Q
Oculomotor-
A
move eyes, raise eyelids
13
Q
Trochlear-
A
move eyes
14
Q
Trigeminal-
A
facial sensation
15
Q
Abducens-
A
lateral eye movement
16
Q
Vestibulocochlear-
A
hearing
17
Q
Glossopharyneal-
A
pharynx, tonsils, tongue
18
Q
Vagus-
A
speech
19
Q
Spinal Accessory-
A
thorax, abdomen, larynx, neck, back
20
Q
Hypoglossal-
A
tongue
21
Q
LP vs. Epidural
A
Epidural- put in medicine, epidural space, helps with pain.
LP- takes out CSF, Subarachnoid space, check for meningitis.
22
Q
decussation of the pyramids-
A
crossover
23
Q
gyri-
A
elevated ridges
24
Q
sulci-
A
shallow grooves
25
fissures-
deeper grooves
26
Polio-
Called Poliomyelitis
a. “polio” = gray matter
b. myelitis = inflammation of spinal cord
2. Poliovirus kills anterior horn motor neurons
a. fever, headache, muscle pain & weakness
b. muscle atrophy & paralysis (why can it kill?)
c. enters body in feces contaminated water
27
ALS-
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis a.k.a. Lou Gehrig’s Disease
2. Progressive destruction of anterior horn motor neurons and pyramidal tract
3. Cause: Genetic (free radicals or excess glutamate)
4. Death within 5 yrs
28
Quadrapeligia-
a. transection in C region
| b. all limbs affected
29
Parapeligia-
a. transection between T1 -- L1
| b. lower limbs affected
30
Spina Bifida-
1. Incomplete formation of vertebral arches
2. Most frequently occurring permanently
disabling birth defect
3. Severity
a. S.B. occulta: one/few vertebrae
b. S.B. cystica: sac-like cyst protrudes
1) meningocele (meninges & CSF)
2) myelomeningocele (also spinal cord)
4. Folic Acid, Folic Acid, Folic Acid!
31
MS-
Autoimmune disease
Young Adults mostly affected
Myelin Sheaths in CNS attacked, inflammation occurs & scleroses form
Impulse conduction slows & eventually stops
32
Hyrdocephalus-
A build-up of fluid in the cavities deep within the brain.
33
Spinal Cord: characteristics-
Length: 17in (42cm)
foramen magnum to L1-L2
Width: Your Thumb
31 Pairs of Spinal Nerves Cervical & Lumbar Enlargements
34
This structure in the brain is important for memory.
Hippocampus
35
The shallow groove that separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe.
Lateral sulcus
36
The deep groove that separates the temporal lobe from the cerebellum
Transverse fissure
37
Area responsible for filtering out sensory info so that you can concentrate
Midbrain
38
Neurotransmitter is released from the the?
Presynaptic terminal
39
What separates the R & L cerebral hemispheres?
Longitudinal fissure
40
What structures would you expect to find in your cerebrum?
Basal nuclei, cortex, and corpus callosum
41
What functions would you expect the cerebrum to perform?
Initiating skeletal muscle contraction and thinking of a list of "Preyisms"
42
What structure is immediately superior to the pons?
The midbrain
43
What is responsible for initiating muscular movement?
The cerebrum
44
The cells that produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are called _____ and in the central nervous system (CNS) are called _____.
Schwan cells and oligodendrocytes
45
What do the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland make up?
Diencephalon
46
These star shaped neuroglial cells act as environmental regulators as they contribute greatly to the blood brain barrier
Astrocytes
47
As it relates to your brain, which term does not fit with the other three: functional, sensory, association, and motor?
Functional
48
What part of the brain is responsible for giving you the sensation that lead you to ask "Mr. Prey, can I go get a drink because I'm thirsty?"
Hypothalamus
49
TRUE/FALSE: Altheimer's disease is associated with a shortage of ACh and structural changes in the brain. AD patients represent nearly 1/2 of all people in nursing homes
True
50
Which of the following activities is associated with the parasympathetic system: embarrassment, excitement, exercise, emergency, or diuresis
Diuresis
51
What is the deep groove that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?
The transverse fissure
52
What is the area responsible for filtering out sensory information so that you can concentrate?
Midbrain
53
Name the largest region of the brain
Cerebrum
54
Select any and all structures that you would expect to find superficial to your brain: skull, meninges, CSF, or choroid plexus.
Skull, meninges, and CSF.
55
As it relates to your brain, which term does not fit the other three: pons, midbrain, thalamus, or medulla oblongata
Thalamus
56
What brain structure functions in water balance and appetite and is an integral component of the limbic system
Hypothalamus
57
What cell lines the central cavities of the brain and the spinal cord and contains cilia that help circulate CSF?
Ependymal cells
58
Which the following is not innervated by the autonomic system: smooth muscle, gastric glands, sweat glands, skeletal muscle, or cardiac muscle?
Skeletal muscle
59
Select any and all answers that describe the functions of the brain stem: Control of respiratory rate, recalling memories, control vomiting, or control of emotions.
Control of respiratory rate and control of vomiting
60
What area of your brain is responsible for analyzing the experience of taking this test on the computer?
Cerebrum
61
Name the thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebrum responsible for communication
Cortex
62
The cerebellum aids in the maintenance of what?
Balance and posture
63
What separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe?
Lateral sulcus
64
What is the correct order of protection of the brain and spinal cord starting superficially with the bone (cranium for brain and vertebrae for spinal cord) going deep?
Epidural space, Dura mater, Subdural space, Pia mater, Arachnoid space, Subarachnoid spaceEpidural space, dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, and pia mater.
65
Which of the following statements are true?
Endorphins are neurotransmitters that inhibit pain; its' effects are mimicked by morphine. Dopamine is often referred to as a "feel good" neurotransmitter. Dopamine levels are deficient in Parkinson's patients. Glutamate is important in learning and memory; also known as the "stroke neurotransmitter".
All.
66
What does the corpus callosum connect?
Right and left cerebral hemispheres
67
Select all structures that are considered part of the CNS: The brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, heart, and spinal nerves
The brain and the spinal cord
68
Broca's area in the brain is associated with the ability to....?
Speak
69
Decussation of the pyramids (crossing over) takes place in which portion of the brain
Medulla oblongata
70
What is the approximate weight in pounds of the human brain
3.5
71
The shallow groove that separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe is called what
Lateral sulcus
