Skeletal System

Question 1

Hyaline Cartilage Most abundant Types

Answer 1

1) Tracheal and bronchial cartilage
2) Costal cartilage
3) Articular cartilage
4) Laryngeal cartilage
5) Nasal cartilage

Question 2

Tracheal and bronchial cartilage

Answer 2

Reinforces passageways of the respiratory system

Question 3

Costal cartilage

Answer 3

Connect ribs to sternum (breastbone)

Question 4

Articular cartilage

Answer 4

Covers bone ends at
movable joints

Question 5

Laryngeal cartilage

Answer 5

Forms skeleton of larynx (voice box)

Question 6

Nasal cartilage

Answer 6

Supports the external nose

Question 7

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 7

Contains Stretchy Elastic Fibers

Question 8

Elastic Cartilage

Locations:

Answer 8

External Ear Epiglottis

Question 9

Fibrocartilage

Answer 9

Highly Compressible Great Tensile Strength

Question 10

Fibrocartilage

Locations:

Answer 10

Knee
Vertebral Discs Pubic Symphysis

Question 11

Functions of Bony Tissue a.k.a. Osseous Tissue

Answer 11

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Mineral Storage
   Calcium and Phosphate Ions
5. Blood Cell Formation a.k.a. Hematopoiesis

Question 12

Cartilage

Answer 12

1. Support with flexibility and resilience
2. No nerves or blood vessels
3. Perichondrium: Dense connective tissue membrane surrounding cartilage

Question 13

Diaphysis:

Answer 13

shaft of compact bone with marrow cavity (yellow b/c of fat)

Question 14

Epiphysis:

Answer 14

end of bone, covered w/ articular cartilage

Question 15

exterior =

Answer 15

compact bone

Question 16

interior =

Answer 16

spongy bone

Question 17

Periosteum:

Answer 17

membrane around bone
outer layer- fibrous c.t.
inner layer- osteogenic layer

Question 18

osteoblasts:

Answer 18

Bone-forming cells

Question 19

osteoclasts:

Answer 19

bone-destroying cells

Question 20

Compact Bone

Location:
Function:

Answer 20

Location: external layer of all bones and most of shaft of long bones.
Protection: protection and support

Question 21

Spongy Bone

Answer 21

Deep to Compact Bone No Osteons
Site of hematopoiesis

Question 22

Trabeculae:

Answer 22

matrix of spongy bone
1. supports/protects bone marrow cells
2. located where bones are not heavily stressed or where stresses arrive from many directions.
3. lighter than compact bone, reducing weight of skeleton & making it easier for muscles to move the bones.

Question 23

Red Marrow

Answer 23

Spongy Bone of Long Bones and
Diploe of Flat Bones

Question 24

Red marrow main location

Answer 24

Main Location in Adults…
Pelvis, Sternum Also…Femur and Humerus

Question 25

Ossification

Answer 25

Replacing tissue w/ Bone

Question 26

Ossification 2 Types

Answer 26

1. Intramembranous | 2. Endochondral

Question 27

Intramembranous

Answer 27

a. from mesenchyme or fibrous c.t. | b. occurs along flat bones of the skull *Remember Soft Spots/Fontanels

Question 28

Endochondral

Answer 28

a. bone replaces existing cartilage | b. occurs with long bone growth

Question 29

Repair of Fractures What is the doctor’s role?

Answer 29

1. Reduction: realigning broken ends | a. Closed: done w/ hands b. Open: surgery 2. Immobilization

Question 30

Repair of Fractures Now your body’s role? Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture

Answer 30

1. Hematoma formation 2. Fibrocartilage callus formation 3. Bony callus formation 4. Bone remodeling

Question 31

Hematoma Formation

Answer 31

(blood-filled swelling is formed)

Question 32

Fibrocartilage Callus Forms

Answer 32

(fibrocartilage acts as splint)

Question 33

Bony Callus Forms

Answer 33

(3-4 weeks after inj.) (bone replaces fibrocartilage)

Question 34

Bony Callus is Remodeled

Answer 34

(forms permanent patch)

Question 35

Control of Bone Remodeling

Answer 35

Ca2+ homeostasis of blood = 9-11mg/100ml

Question 36

Ca2+ homeostasis of blood = 9-11mg/100ml | If too low:

Answer 36

1) Parathyroid hormone released 2) Osteoclasts resorb bone, releasing Ca2+ into blood until levels rise to normal

Question 37

Ca2+ homeostasis of blood = 9-11mg/100ml | If too high:

Answer 37

1) Calcitonin released 2) Stimulates calcium salt deposit in bone until levels fall to normal

Question 38

Sprain: | Why do these heal slowly?

Answer 38

ligaments stretched or torn | Dense Regular

Question 39

Dislocations: How do they fix these?

Answer 39

bones forced out of alignment

Question 40

Tendonitis:

Answer 40

inflammation of tendon

Question 41

Bursitis:

Answer 41

inflammation of bursa sac

Question 42

Osteoarthritis:

Answer 42

1. “wear and tear arthritis” 2. articular cartilage worn down

Question 43

Rheumatoid Arthritis:

Answer 43

1. autoimmune disease 2. can lead to awful deformities

Question 44

Gouty Arthritis:

Answer 44

1. excessive uric acid levels | 2. treatable