Overview Of Ant. And Phy.

Question 1

Physiology

Answer 1

The study of the function of the body’s structural machinery

Question 2

Principle of Complementarity

Answer 2

Function always reflects structure
Or
Structure determines function

Question 3

Levels of Organizations

Answer 3

1. Chemical level- atoms combine to form molecules.
2. Cellular level- cell made up of molecules.
3. Tissue level- tissues consisting up of similar types of cells.
4. Organ level- organs made up of different types of tissues.
5. Organ System level- organ system consist of different organs that work closely together.
6. Organismal level- the human organism made up of many organ systems.

Question 4

Anatomy

Answer 4

The study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

Question 5

-Forms the external body covering
-Protects deeper tissue from injury
-Helps regulate body temperature
-Location of cutaneous nerve receptors

Answer 5

Integumentary

Question 6

-Protects and supports body organs
-Provides muscle attachment for movement
-Site of blood cell formation
-Stores minerals

Answer 6

Skeletal

Question 7

• Produces movement

- Maintains posture
-Produces heat

Answer 7

Muscular

Question 8

-Fast-acting control system
-Responds to internal and external change
-Activates muscles and glands

Answer 8

Nervous

Question 9

Secretes regulatory hormones
-Growth
-Reproduction

-Metabolism

Answer 9

Endocrine

Question 10

• Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart
  -Oxygen
  -Carbon dioxide
• Nutrients
  -Wastes

Answer 10

Cardiovascular

Question 11

• Returns fluids to blood vessels

- Cleanses the blood
-Involved in immunity

Answer 11

Lymphatic

Question 12

-Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
-Removes carbon dioxide

Answer 12

Respiratory

Question 13

• Breaks down food

- Allows for nutrient
-absorption into blood
-Eliminates indigestible material

Answer 13

Digestive

Question 14

Survival Needs

Answer 14

1. Nutrients (Food)
2. Oxygen
3. Water
4. Appropriate Body Temp.
5. Appropriate Atmospheric Pressure

Question 15

Necessary Life Functions

Answer 15

1. Maintain Boundaries
2. Digestion
3. Movement
4. Excretion
5. Responsiveness
6. Metabolism
7. Reproduction
8. Growth

Question 16

HOMEOSTASIS

Answer 16

Dynamic State of Equilibrium
Maintaining relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous environmental changes

Question 17

Homeostatic Control

Answer 17

Depends on Communication
Nervous System

Endocrine System

Question 18

Receptor

Answer 18

a. detects stimulus
b. sends input (info) to control center

Question 19

Control Center

Answer 19

a. analyzes input & determines response

b. sends output (info) to effector

Question 20

Effector

Answer 20

a. provides means for response
b. 2 types of feedback influence stimulus

Question 21

Negative Feedback System

Answer 21

Very Common
Reduces the original stimulus
Ex: blood sugar level, heart rate, body temp

Question 22

Positive Feedback System

Answer 22

Not Common
Intensifies the original stimulus
Ex: blood clotting, labor contractions

Question 23

Afferent Pathway =

Answer 23

Receptor -> Control Center

Question 24

Efferent Pathway =

Answer 24

Control Center -> Effector

Question 25

THE ANATOMICAL POSITION

Answer 25

“Standing at Attention” but... Palms Face Forward

Question 26

Why Do We Use The Anatomical Position?

Answer 26

Universal Reference for Terminology

Question 27

Superior

Answer 27

(cranial) - toward the head

Question 28

Inferior

Answer 28

(caudal) - away from the head

Question 29

Anterior

Answer 29

- toward the front of the body

Question 30

Posterior

Answer 30

- toward the back of the body

Question 31

Medial

Answer 31

- toward the midline of the body

Question 32

Lateral

Answer 32

- away from the midline of the body

Question 33

Intermediate

Answer 33

- between medial & lateral

Question 34

Proximal

Answer 34

- closer to the origin of the body part or point of attachment

Question 35

Distal

Answer 35

- farther from the origin of the body part or point of attachment

Question 36

Superficial

Answer 36

- toward or at the body surface

Question 37

Deep

Answer 37

- away from the body surface

Question 38

Sagittal

Answer 38

- cuts body into R & L side (a.k.a. median plane)

Question 39

Frontal

Answer 39

- cuts body into anterior & posterior parts (a.k.a. coronal)

Question 40

Transverse

Answer 40

- cuts body into superior & inferior parts (a.k.a. cross section)

Question 41

Homeostatic Control system

Answer 41

Stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response