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Histology > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Describe the basics of the neural tissue (cells, ECM, & vascularization)

A
  • abundance of cells
  • scarcity of ECM
  • Well-vascularized
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2
Q

Neurons are supported by a small amount of what CT?

A

mainly collagen

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3
Q

Neurons are also closely associated by what supporting cells?

A

Schwann cells, satellite cells, gila

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4
Q

Clusters of the cell bodies of neurons in the CNS

A

Nuclei

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5
Q

Clusters of the cell bodies of neurons in the PNS

A

Ganglia

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6
Q

Bundles of neuronal processes in the CNS

A

Tract

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7
Q

Bundles of neuronal processes in the PNS

A

Nerves

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8
Q

Areas of the CNS containing predominantly myelinated neuronal processes

A

Whit matter of the CNS

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9
Q

Areas of the CNS containing predominantly neuronal cell bodies (they may be aggregated to form nuclei; they may form layers; or, as in the spinal cord, a mass of tissue which shows a butterfly-shaped image in cross sections of the spinal cord.)

A

Gray matter of the CNS

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10
Q

the neuron is composed of a cell body, referred to as the …, and one or more cell processes.

A

soma or perikaryon

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11
Q

Cell processes are classified on the basis of function, Those which function in the reception of stimuli are termed …

A

dendrites

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12
Q

If the neuronal soma functions as a receptor site it is included in the …

A

dendritic zone

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13
Q

The single process that conducts an impulse away from the dendritic zone is termed the …

A

axon

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14
Q

What is the effector portion of the neuron?

A

Nerve terminals

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15
Q

Unipolar neurons have a single process. They are common in …

A

sensory ganglia; sensory modality

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16
Q

Bipolar neurons have two processes. They are associated with …

A

special senses of sight, and smell

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17
Q

Multipolar neurons have three or more processes. They are common in the CNS, …, also in the PNS in the …

A

CNS motorneurons

PNS in the sympathetic ganglion

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18
Q

The supportive cell of the CNS

A

Neurogila

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19
Q

The supportive cell of the PNS

A

Neurilemma (Schwann cells)

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20
Q

The supportive cell of the ganglia

A

Satellite cells

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21
Q

What is the most abundant type of gila cell?

A

Astrocytes

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22
Q

Neurogila cell that anchor neurons to their blood supply

A

Astrocytes

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23
Q

What 2 things do Astrocytes do to regulate the external chemical environment of neurons?

A
  • remove excess ions, notably Potassium

- Recycle NTs released during synaptic transmission

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24
Q

What neurogila cell coats axons of the CNS with their cell membrane, called myelin, producing the myelin sheath?

A

oligodendrocytes

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25
These neurogila cells line the cavities of the CNS and make up the walls of the ventricles
Ependymal cells
26
What are the 2 functions of the ependymal cells?
Secrete CSF & beat their cilia to help circulate that CSF
27
These supportive cells of the CNS are not technically neurogila, but they are specialized .... capable of ... that protect neurons of the CNS.
macrophages capable of phagocytosis
28
CT proper forms what three things?
- meninges of the CNS - capsules of ganglia - fibrous storm of the PNS
29
Where are neuronal cells bodies found?
- nuclei & gray matter of the CNS | - within the ganglia in the PNS
30
What is the euchromatin content of the nucleus of a neuron?
there is abundant euchromatin | - nucleoplasm is typically pale
31
What appears as basophilic granules or clumps of material in cells prepared for LM?
Nissl substance
32
Nissl substance represents concentrations of ..., which may extend into the ...
rER | - may extend into the dendrites but not the axon
33
Abundance of Nissl Substance suggests ...
active synthesis of proteins
34
Neurofibrils are made up of ..., like those seen in other cells
intermediate filaments and microtubules
35
Intermediate filaments and microtubules of neurofibrils may function in the transport of materials ...
out of the SOMAL region and distally in CELLULAR PROCESSES
36
What accumulates in the soma as a neuron ages?
lipofuscin pigment (yellow-brown)
37
Lipofuscin pigment can be seen confined within vesicles , which may have been lysosomes at an earlier time. The pigment represents an ...
indigestible end-product by lysosomal activity
38
What is the only organelle not present in dendrites?
Golgi
39
The site of axon origin from the cells body is made conspicuous by the abrupt disappearance of ...
Nissl substance
40
the origin of the axon, is called the ..., and is seen as an area of pale cytoplasm
axon hillock
41
The axon gives off occasional branches, along its course, called....
collaterals
42
The axoplasm has no ...
GA, rER, or ribosomes
43
The axoplasm has no mechanism for ...., therefore is is dependent on flow of materials from the cell body.
protein synthesis
44
Bidirectional transport of molecules and selected organelles along the axon.
axoplasmic transport
45
Moves materials from the soma to axon and dendrite terminals.
Anterograde transport
46
What er the microtubule associated proteins for anterograde transport?
Kinesin & ATP
47
Transport relies on the microtubule-associated protein ... to move materials from the periphery of axons and dendrites to the soma.
Dynein
48
Which axoplasmic transport system only employs the fast method of conveyance?
Retrograde
49
In both forms of axoplasmic transport, ... establish a system of "rails" extending the length of the axon or dendrite.
microtubules
50
what % of the myelin is represented by lipid?
80%
51
What % of the myelin is represented by protein?
20%
52
The amount of myelin surrounding an axon is directly proportional to the axon's ...
diameter
53
Myelination in the CNS is accomplished by ....
oligodendrocytes, a type of glial cell
54
During conduction of an excitatory impulse, generation of the AP occurs sequentially at each node (the impulse "skips" from node to node). This is called ...
Saltatory conduction
55
Encircling the myelin when it is present, is the Schwann cell. The embrace of the Schwann cell constitutes the ...
Neurilemma
56
The neurilemma can't be seen at the LM level but its presence may be indicated by a ...
nucleus
57
Synapse located between axon & dendrite
axodendritic
58
Synapse located between axon & cell body
axosomatic
59
Synapse where one axon contacts another axon near its beginning or end. (comparatively infrequent)
axoaxonic
60
Connections between the ANS and .... are unusual in that no special junctions (synaptic clefts) are formed. Instead bulbous enlargements of the axon, with aggregates of synaptic vesicles, are seen adjacent to the muscles cells
Heart muscle & Smooth muscle
61
The peripheral nerves are composed of ... & ...
nerve fibers (axons & their ensheathments) & CT
62
Nerve fibers (axons) occur in bundles, or ...
fascicles
63
Fascicles are gathered together by a surrounding layer of ... to form a nerve
dense CT
64
The sleeve of dense CT enclosing the entire nerve is termed the ..., and extensions of this may penetrate between the enclosed fascicles.
Epineurium
65
Immediately surrounding each fascicle is a thin layer of concentrically arranged dense CT, the ...
perineurium
66
Within the fascicle and around each nerve fiber is a meshwork of fine collagen fibers with occasional fibroblasts. The fibrous framework is called the ...
Endoneurium
67
Blood vessels and lymphatics course in the ... and supply capillaries within the ....
epineurium; endoneurial tissue
68
A collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
Ganglion
69
Each cell body is enclosed by a single layer of ...
flattened satellite cells
70
Satellite cells are homologous to and continuous with
Schwann cells which invest axons
71
Immediately superficial to the satellite cell layer are ...
fine collage fibers & fibroblasts
72
Fine collagen fibers & fibroblasts are continuous distally with ...
the endoneurium of associated nerve fibers
73
The ganglion is encapsulated by ..., which is continuous distally with the ... of the associated nerve
moderately dense CT; Epineurium
74
Where is the sensory or dorsal root ganglia found?
roots of spinal & cranial nerves
75
where are the nuclei of sensory ganglia located?
centrally
76
What type of neurons are sensory ganglia composed of?
unipolar
77
Sensory ganglia have abundant ... cells
satellite cells
78
Where are parasympathetic ganglia found?
in the walls of organs
79
Autonomic ganglia nuclei are ...
eccentric nuclei
80
What type of neurons are autonomic ganglia?
multipolar neurons
81
What is in the soma of autonomic ganglia?
Lipofuscin pigment

Histology (8 decks)

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