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Flashcards in neuro 17 Deck (12)
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1
Q

cause of epidural hematoma

A

severe head injury with a temporal bone fracture and resultng laceration go the middle meningeal artery (less commonly laceration of middle meningeal vein or a dural venous sinus)

2
Q

classic presentation of epidural hematoma

A

lucid interval, followed by rapid decline in consciousness as hematoma enlarges

3
Q

complication of epidural hematoma

A

brain herniation

4
Q

characteristic CT for epidural hematoma

A

lens shaped hyperdense region between the skull and the dura mater

5
Q

cause of subdural hematoma

A

tearing of bridging veins that connect the surface of the brain to the dural sinuses

6
Q

symptoms of subdural hematoma

A

headache is most common; contalateral hemiparesis, seizures, and cortical dysfunction

7
Q

CT for subdural hematoma

A

crescent-shaped hyperdensity overlying the brain surface and underlying the skull

8
Q

how to distinguish epidural from subdural hematoma on CT

A

subdural crosses suture lines, whereas epidural does not

9
Q

central (transtentorial) herniation

A

decreae in alertness, shortly followed by small reactive pupils due to disruption of sympathetic pway from the hypothal

10
Q

what happens as central herniation proceeds

A

decorticate posturing, hten midbrain compression with fixed midposiiton pupils and decerebrate posturing; then death

11
Q

what causes uncal herniation

A

expnsion of a mass lterally in the brain which leads to a medial shift of the uncus of the temporal lobe

12
Q

first clinical deficit in uncal herniateion

A

ipsilateral third nerve palsy, accompanied or shortly followed by an impairment of consciousness