neuro 25 Flashcards
(43 cards)
risk factors for CP
hypoxic ischemic insult to the brain in prenatal period, prematurity, low birth weight, chorioamnionitis, prenatal viral infections and prenatal stroke
hemiparetic CP
weakness and spasticity on one side of the body; early hand preference, fisting, and incr reflexes with an upgoing toe on the affected side
diparetic CP
spasticity of all four limbs, but affecting the legs more than the arms; normal intelligence and less likely to have seizures than other forms of CP
spastic quadriplegia
all four limbs affected; seizures often occur in the first 48 hrs of life
clinical manifestations of CP
flaccid weakness, asymm limb movements, or seizures; older kids get spasticity, dystonia, developmental delay, and drooling
key clue that a neuro disorder is CP
static; that is, not progressive
what intelligence tests can be used to establish mental retardation?
Stanford-Binet IQ and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence
Profound mental retard
less than 25
Severe mental reated
25 to 40
Moderate mental retard
40-55
Mild mental retard
55-70
moro reflex
elicited by head extension; causes abduction of arms and leg extension, followed by slower abduction of arms; appears at birth and disappears at 3 months
tonic neck reflex
turning head and then arm and leg extended on the side of the turn; aka fencer; appears at 1 month and disappears at 5 mos
traction response reflex
lift baby by traction in both hands; head lag after 6 mos is pathologic and indicates hypotonia
parachute reflex
appears at 6 mos and persist; plunge infant downwards and he should thrust forward symm as if breaking fall
Rett’s syndrome
progressive neurodevelopmental disorder; generally affects girls only; normal development until 6-18 mos; stereotyped hand movements
two important peroxisomal disorders that can cause pediatric neuro issues
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and Zellweger’s syndome
neurodegerantive diseases involving the white matter
metachromatic leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease, adrenoleukodystrophy, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, Canavan disease, and Alexander disease
congenital macular cherry-red spots found in what
Tay-Sachs, Sandhoff disease, Niemann-Pick disease, Gaucher disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, and the sialidoses
phakomatoses
aka neurocutaneous disorders; lesions in the central and peripheral nervous system, skin, eyes, and other organs
most common cause of hypotonia
cerebral hypotonia; you know this is cerebral when you see other signs of CNS dysfunction like seizures, developmental delay, etc
treatment for ADHD
stimulatnes like methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine
what is the metabolic defect in Tay Sachs?
hexosaminidase A
features of tay sachs
cherry-red spot
