neuro15

Question 1

types of partial seizures

Answer 1

complex (awareness is impaired); simple means awareness is preserved

Question 2

Jacksonian march

Answer 2

electrical discharge spreads along the motor strip

Question 3

simple partial seizure in the parietal lobe

Answer 3

sensory phenomena

Question 4

simple partial seizure in the occipital region

Answer 4

visual phenomena

Question 5

simple partial seizure in the temporal lobe

Answer 5

gustatory, olfactory, and psychic phenomena

Question 6

complex partial seizures

Answer 6

commonly arise from temporal lobe, although some originate in frontal

Question 7

generalized tonic-clonic seizures

Answer 7

begin with tonic phase for a few seconds in which body gets stiff; next the clonic phase,in which extremities jerk rhythmically

Question 8

absence seizure

Answer 8

generalized seizure tha tmost commonly occures in kids and s characterized by unresponsive staring

Question 9

classic EEG for absence seizures

Answer 9

3 hz generalized splke and wave; hyperventilation is a common trigger

Question 10

Lennox-gastaut syndrome

Answer 10

onset in childhood; seizures and intellectual disability; slow (1-2 per sec) spike and wave discharge; tx with valproic acid, lamotrigine, felbamate, rufinamide

Question 11

benign rolandic epilepsy

Answer 11

childhood onset; simple partial involving face and mouth; nocturnal preponderence of seizures; centrotemporal spikes on EEG; tx with carbamazepine, sometimes nothing

Question 12

absence epilepsy treat with what

Answer 12

ethosuximide, valproic acid

Question 13

juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Answer 13

onset in adolescence; early morning preponderance of seizures; 4 to 6 per sec polyspike and wave; tx with valproic acid, lamotrigine, levetiracetam

Question 14

Todd’s paralysis

Answer 14

post-ictal hemiparesis; indicates that the seizure was of partial onset that may have later generalized

Question 15

phenytoin (dilantin)

Answer 15

sodium channel blocker; used for partial seizures; side effects are gingival hyperplasia, coarsening of facial features, ataxia

Question 16

carabmazepine (Tegretol)

Answer 16

works on the sodium channel; used for partial seizures; side effects are hyponatremia, agranulocytosis, diplopia

Question 17

valproic acid (Depakote)

Answer 17

works on the sodium channel and GABA receptor; for partial and gen seizures; side effects are GI sx, tremor, weight gain, hair loss, hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia

Question 18

Phenobarbitol

Answer 18

works on GABA receptor; for partial and general seizures; side effect is sedation

Question 19

ethosuximide (Zarontin)

Answer 19

works on T type calcium channel; used for absence seizure; GI sx are side effects

Question 20

Gabapentin (Neurontin)

Answer 20

unknown site of action, maybe voltage gated Ca channel; used for partial seizures; side effects are sedation and ataxia

Question 21

Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

Answer 21

sodium channel and glutamate receptor; partial and generalized seizures; side effects are rash and stevens johnson syndrome

Question 22

topiramate (topamax)

Answer 22

sodium channel, GABA activity; partial and generalized seizures; side effects are word finding difficulty, renal stones, weightloss

Question 23

Tiagabine (Gabitril)

Answer 23

works on GABA reuptake; partial seizures; side effects sedation

Question 24

Levetiracetam (Keppra)

Answer 24

unknown site of action; used for partial and generalized seizures; side effects are insomnia, anxiety, irritability

Question 25

Oxcarbazepine (trilepal)

Answer 25

sodium channel; for partial seizures; side effects are sedation and hyponatremia

Question 26

Zonisamide (Zonegan)

Answer 26

unknown site of action; partial and generalized seizures; side effects are sedation, renal stones, weightloss

Question 27

drugs for partial seizures

Answer 27

phenytoin, carbamazepine, gabapentin, tiagabine, oxcarbazepine

Question 28

drugs for generalized seizures only

Answer 28

none

Question 29

drugs for both partial and generalized seizures

Answer 29

valproic acid; phenobarbitol; lamotrigine; topiramate; levetiracetam; zonisamide

Question 30

seizure drugs that work on the sodium channel

Answer 30

phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, lamotrigine, topiramate, oxcarbazepine

Question 31

seizure drugs that work on the GABA receptor

Answer 31

valproic acid, phenobarbitol, topiramate, tiagabine

Question 32

stimulation of what nerve can help treat seizures

Answer 32

vagus nerve;

Question 33

surgical removal of part of the brain is most effective for seizures where

Answer 33

medial temporal lobe

Question 34

when a person is seizing, what's the first drug you give?

Answer 34

Lorazepam IV, followed by phenytoin IV if the status epilepticus continues