Neuro Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Drug that causes exacerbation of absence seizures
A
Carbamazepine
2
Q
Management for absence seizures in young boys
A
Na valproate
3
Q
Management of absence seizures in reproductive age women
A
Ethosuxmide
4
Q
EEG finding of absence seizures
A
EEG: bilateral, symmetrical 3Hz spike and wave pattern
→ Interictal epileptiform discharges
5
Q
Foster-Kennedy syndrome =
A
Frontal lobe tumor
6
Q
Parietal lobe lesions =
A
Gerstmanns syndrome
7
Q
Triggered by head changes in elderly patients
A
BPPV
8
Q
Diagnostic for BPPV
A
Dx= DixHallpike maneuver
9
Q
used to differentiate between central and peripheral causes of vertigo
A
HINTS exam
I.e
Head impulse
Nystagmus
Test of skew
10
Q
a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischaemia, without acute infarction
A
TIA
11
Q
It describes a number of neurological and related symptoms which typically occur following surgery or a minor injury.
A
Complex regional pain syndrome
12
Q
A
13
Q
A
14
Q
A
15
Q
A
16
Q
Most common cause of brain abcess
A
Chronic sinusitis
17
Q
Treatment of brain abcess
A
IV ceftriaxone and metro
18
Q
Low orexin (hypocretin) levels indicate
A
Narcolepsy
19
Q
A
20
Q
Adverse effect of Na valproate
A
Tremor
Weight gain
21
Q
A
22
Q
A
23
Q
Columns affected in SACD
A
dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts and spinocerebellar tracts.
24
Q
sensory ataxia → gait abnormalities
positive Romberg’s sign
A
spinocerebellar tract involvement in SACD
25
A CT brain was organized, which demonstrated an intracerebral lesion with an outer hypodense and inner hyperdense rim.
Brain abscess
26
Management for brain abscess
IV antibiotics: IV 3rd-generation cephalosporin + metronidazole
27
intracranial pressure management:
dexamethasone
28
features consistent with raised intracranial pressure
nausea
papilloedema
seizures
29
Most important feature of multiple sclerosis
Lethargy/fatigue
30
Occlusion of post inf cerebellar artery
Lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome)
31
the treatment for cerebral toxoplasmosis
Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine
31
First line for myoclonic seizures
Na valproate
32
First line of treatment for focal seizures and tonic clonic seizures
Carbamazepine
33
MOA of topiramate
It works by enhancing GABAergic activity and blocking voltage-gated sodium channels.
34
Structure associated with hemiballisim
Subthalamic nucleus
35
Structure associated with Parkinson’s
Substantial nigra
36
Substantia nigra
37
First line for focal seizures
Lamotrigine
levi
38
First line treatment for essential tremor
Propranolol and if CI then primidone
39
Safest anti epileptics in pregnancy
Levi and Lamotrigine
40
Treatment for migraines in pregnancy
Para 1g is first line
NSAIDS can be second line
Avoid aspirin and opioids such as codeine during pregnancy
41
_______ are the first-line treatments for spasticity in multiple sclerosis.
Baclofen and gabapentin
42
Triad of urinary incontinence, gait disorder,dementia
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
43
Management for normal pressure hydrocephalus
Ventriculoperitoneal shunting
44
Lead pipe rigidity
Pyrexia
Autonomic lability
Raised CK
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
45
46
The combination of falls, alcohol excess, fluctuating episodes of confusion and focal neurology points towards a diagnosis of
Subdural haemorrhage
47
Signs of raised ICP
Cushing Triad
hypertension
bradycardia
Bradypnea
48
On CT crescentic collection, not limited by suture lines.
Acute SDH
49
50
Vasospasm in SAH treated with
Oral nimodipine
51
The presentation of headaches and bilateral papilloedema (blurred optic discs) without focal neurological signs, normal blood pressure, and absence of fever in an obese young woman is classical for
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
52
Difficulty in initiating movement (bradykinesia), postural instability and unilateral symptoms (initially) are typical of
Parkinsons
53
Parkinson’s
54
recurrent episodes of vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness or pressure in the affected ear
Meniere disease
55
Nystagmus and positive Romberg test
Meniere disease
56
Ophthalmoplegia, areflexia and ataxia
Miller Fisher
57
anti-GQ1b antibodies are present
Miller fisher syndrome
58
Inclusion bodies in motor neurones
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a type of motor neurone disease
59
First line for MG
Pyridostigmine
60
Disturbed CSF flow causes
Non communicating hydrocephalus
syringomyelia
61
Drug for muscle spasticity
Baclofen
(GABA agonist)
62
Lesion of PICA
Lateral medullary syndrome
63
Lesion of AICA
Lateral pontine syndrome
64
by conductive hearing loss, tinnitus and positive family history
Otosclerosis
65
Rinne test positive
AC > BC
Seen in normal and sensorineural hearing loss
67
68
sound lateralizes towards the contralateral normal ear during the Weber test.
Tinnitus
Aural fulness
Vertigo
Meniere disease
69
First line for status epileptic is in hospital setting
I/V lorazepam
70
Seizures continues for more than 25min
I/V Levi or pheno or Na valproate started and contact ICU
71
Artery involved in locked in syndrome
Basilar artery
72
Treatment for JME
Na valproate
Lifelong
73
Management for IIH
weight loss
Acetazolamide
74
locked-in syndrome, pure motor hemiparesis, sensorimotor deficits, ataxic hemiparesis and more rarely dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome.
Pontine syndrome
75
vertigo, dizziness, nystagmus, ataxias and sometimes mild hemiparesis. Artery involved
Superior cerebellar
76
Episodic eye pain, lacrimation, nasal stuffiness occurring daily
Cluster headache
77
facial pain that lasts for seconds to minutes and is triggered by specific activities such as talking or chewing
Trigeminal neuralgia
78
it can cause severe headache and red eye, it would also present with other symptoms such as blurred vision, halos around lights, and a fixed mid-dilated pupil.
Pain is continuous
Angle closure glaucoma
79
Initial treatment of trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
80
81
82
83
Mitochondrial disorder
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy,
84
Management for essential tremor
Propranolol
85
First line treatment for restless leg syndrome
Dopamine agonists pramipixole,rolinirone
86
gold standard test where cervical myelopathy is suspected.
MRI of cervical spine
87
Absence seizures disrupt which pathway
Thalamocortical pathways
88
89
MC complication of meningitis by frame negative diplococci
Sensorineural hearing loss
90
SDH on CT
isodense crescent-shaped collection
Biconvex
91
Acute attack of Meniere disease
Prochloroperazine
92
Prevention of Meniere diseases by
Betahistone
93
The progressive confusion seen here with memory loss, lymphocytosis and a moderate elevation of CRP, following a flu like illness, fits well with a diagnosis of
CT shows temporal lobe changes
Herpes encephalitis
94
95
Ehosuximide blocks what kind of channels
T type calcium channels
96
Rapid onset dementia
Myoclonus
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
97
CT findings of cerebral malaria along with travel history or immunosuppression
diffuse brain swelling or small punctate white matter lesions.
98
Urinary incontinence + gait abnormality + dementia
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
99
CI of Triptan use
Cardiovascular diseases
100
