Flashcards in Neuro Deck (304)
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151
Tabes dorsalis
Tertiary syphilis -> demyelination of dorsal columns and roots -> impaired sensation, propioception, coordination. Charcot joints, Argyll Robertson pupils (small pupils that accommodate but do not react to light). Absent DTRs and POS romberg
152
Syringomyelia
Syrinx damages anterior white commisure -> b/l loss of pain and temperature
153
Poliomyelitis
Poliovirus (oropharynx and SI replication before spreading hematogenously to CNS). Destruction of anterior horn cells -> LMN death. Weakness, hypotonia, flaccid paralysis, fasciculations. CSF shows inc. WBCS and slight increased protein w/ NO CSF glucose change.
154
Spinal muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffmann disease)
Congenital degeneration of anterior horn cells. AR.
155
Friedreich ataxia
AR GAA on Chromosome 9 (frataxin) -> mt dysf(x). Muscle weakness and loss of DTRs. Staggering, frequent falls,nystagmus, pes caves, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
156
Brown-Sequard syndrome
Hemisection. Ipsilateral UMN signs (corticospinal). Ipsilateral dorsal column. Contralateral anterolateral. (pain and temperature). At the level of lesion, loss of all sensation. Above T1, could have Horner's syndrome
157
Horner syndrome and its pathway.
Ptosis (superior tarsal m.), Anhidrosis and flushin, Miosis. Hypothalamus to synapse in lateral horn of intermediolateral column of spinal cord (T1) -> superior cervical (sympathetic) ganglion (which is near bifurcate of common carotid) synapse -> sweat glands of face, opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve for pupillary dilator, sweat glands of forehead + smooth muscle of eyelid
158
C2 vs. C3
Posterior part of skull cap vs. high turtleneck
159
Spinal cord lvls that would affect erection
S2,3,4
160
Biceps reflex
C5,6
161
Triceps reflex
C7,8
162
Patellar reflex
L3,4
163
Achilles reflex
S1,2
164
Cremaster reflex
L1,L2
165
Anal wink reflex
S3,S4
166
When are primitive reflexes exhibited?
Before age 1. Or "frontal release" (adult with frontal lobe lesions)
167
Galant reflex
Stroking one side of spine while ventral suspension causes lateral flexion of lower body toward stimulated side
168
Parinaud syndrome
Paralysis of conjugate VERTICAL gaze 2/2 lesion in superior colliculi (e.g. pinealoma)
169
Inferior colliculi
auditory
170
What are the cranial nerves that have both sensory and motor nerves?
CN V, VII, IX, X. "Some say marry money, but my brother says big brains matter most."
171
Midbrain vs. Pons vs. Medulla CN nuclei
Midbrain = CN III, IV. Pons = V, VI, VII, VIII. Medulla = IX, X, XII. Pons 5-8. Generally, lateral nuclei are sensory while medial nuclei are motor.
172
Corneal reflex?
Afferent V1, efferent VII (orbicularis oculi)
173
Lacrimation reflex
Afferent V1, efferent VII.
174
Jaw jerk reflex
Afferent V3 (masster spindle), efferent V3 (masseter)
175
The vagal nuclei
Nucleus solitarius, nucleus ambiguus, dorsal motor nucleus
176
Nucleus solitarius
S for Sensory. Visceral sensory (taste, baro, gut distenstion. CN VII, IX, X.
177
Nucleus ambiguus
M for MOTOR - pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus. IX, X, XI.
178
Dorsal motor nucleus
Parasympathetics of heart, lungs, upper GI. CN X
179
Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual gland innervation?
Parotid = CN IX. Other two are CN VII.
180
