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Anatomy > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the brainstem lie?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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2
Q

Where does the cerebellum lie?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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3
Q

What cranial nerves come off the midbrain?

A

III and IV

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4
Q

What cranial nerves come off the pons?

A

V, VI, VII

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5
Q

What cranial nerve comes off the pontomedullary junction?

A

VIII

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6
Q

What cranial nerves come off the medulla?

A

IX, X, XI, XII

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7
Q

What cranial nerves don’t come from the brainstem?

A

I, II

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8
Q

What nerve has the longest intracranial course?

A

Trochlear

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9
Q

What results from damage to the trochlear nerve?

A

Diplopia

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10
Q

What fibres are found in the middle cerebral peduncle?

A

Centripedal fibres

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11
Q

How many colliculi are in the midbrain?

A

2 - superior and inferior

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12
Q

What make up the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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13
Q

Describe the parts of the cerebellum.

A

Anterior lobe, posterior lobe, vermis, cerebellar tonsil, focculonodular lobe

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14
Q

What separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Great longitudinal fissure

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15
Q

What fibres are found in the corpus callosum?

A

Commisural fibres connecting hemispheres

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16
Q

What separates the pre and post-central gyrus?

A

Central sulcus

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17
Q

What fissure lies above the auditory cortex?

A

Lateral (sylvian) fissure

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18
Q

What fibres are found in the precentral gyrus?

A

Motor

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19
Q

What fibres are found in the post central gyrus?

A

Somatosensory

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20
Q

At what level does the adult spinal cord end?

A

L1-2

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21
Q

At what level does the newborn spinal cord end?

A

L2-3

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22
Q

Where does the dura terminate?

A

S2

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23
Q

Where does the arachnoid terminate?

A

S2

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24
Q

What meningeal layer forms the film terminals?

A

Pia

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25
Q

What is located between the end of the spinal cord and S2?

A

Cistern (subarachnoid space)

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26
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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27
Q

Describe the circle of willis.

A

…

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28
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries come from?

A

Subclavian

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29
Q

At what vertebral level do the ICAs arise from?

A

C3/4

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30
Q

What arteries supply the primary motor cortex?

A

Middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries

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31
Q

What arteries supply the primary sensory cortex?

A

Middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries

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32
Q

What arteries supply the visual cortex?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

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33
Q

What arteries supply the auditory cortex?

A

Middle cerebral artery

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34
Q

What artery supplies the olfactory area?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

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35
Q

What runs just above the superior cerebellar artery?

A

Occulomotor nerve

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36
Q

What can a post cerebral artery aneurysm cause?

A

CN III palsy

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37
Q

What are signs of CN III palsy?

A

Ptosis, dilated pupil, down and out

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38
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the brain.

A

…

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39
Q

What forms the grooves on the inside of the skull?

A 
Superior sagittal
Transvers sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Cavernous sinus
Confluence of sinuses
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40
Q

What is found in the cavernous sinus?

A

II, III, IV, V2. V3, VI,

ICA

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41
Q

What can infection spread from causing cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

Emissary veins

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42
Q

What forms the upper and lower border of the fall cerebri between the cerebral hemispheres?

A 
Upper = superior sagital sinus
Lower = inferior sagittal sinus
43
Q

What separates the cerebrum and cerebellum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

44
Q

What separates the two cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebelli

45
Q

What supplies blood to the dura?

A

Middle meningeal artery

46
Q

What causes a extradural haematoma?

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery

47
Q

What causes a subdural haematoma?

A

Bridging veins

48
Q

What is the function of the ventricular system?

A

CSF circulation

49
Q

What produces CSF?

A

Choroid plexus

50
Q

What is responsible for CSF reabsorption?

A

Arachnoid villi

51
Q

Describe the route of the CSF in the ventricular system.

A

…

52
Q

What forms the corpus striatum?

A

Caudate nucleus + lentiform nucleus

53
Q

Name the 4 parts of the corpus callosum.

A

Rostrum
Genu
Body
Splenium

54
Q

Name the thin sheet that separates the anterior horns of the two lateral ventricles.

A

Continuous superiorly with the corpus callosum and inferiorly with the fornix

55
Q

What do the fibres of the fornix link?

A

Hippocampus and hypothalamus

56
Q

What does the thalamus contain?

A

Grey mater nuclei

57
Q

What nucleus in the thalamus relays most general sensory info?

A

VPL nucleus

58
Q

What lies inferior to the thalamus?

A

Hypothalamus

59
Q

Where is the diaphragmatic sell?

A

Overlies the pituitary

60
Q

Identify the basal ganglia in a transverse section of the brain.

A

…

61
Q

What type of fibres are found in the internal capsule?

A

Projection fibres

62
Q

What supplies blood to the internal capsule?

A

Middle cerebral artery

63
Q

Identify different sections of the spinal cord.

A

…

Note: thoracic has lateral horn, cervical more stretched, sacral more round

64
Q

What cranial nerves supply PNS innervation?

A

3, 7, 9, 10

65
Q

What are the three types of spinal cord tumours?

A

Intramedullary
Intradural/extramedullary
Extradural

66
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

Thinking, memory, behaviour, movements

67
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Speech, hearing, language, feelings

68
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Language and touch

69
Q

What sulcus is responsible for vision?

A

Calcarine

70
Q

What is the functional differences between Broca’s and Wernicke’s?

A 
Broca's = motor speech
Wernicke's = sensory speech
71
Q

What fibres are found in the precentral gyrus?

A

Motor

72
Q

What artery lies in the longitudinal fissure?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

73
Q

What fissure contains the middle cerebral artery?

A

Sylvian/lateral fissure

74
Q

Where is the insulation located?

A

Sylvian/lateral fissure

75
Q

What is found above the corpus callosum which the anterior cerebral artery runs along?

A

Cingulate gyrus

76
Q

What sulcus divides the occipital and parietal lobe?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

77
Q

what part of the spinal cord is motor?

A

Anterior (ventral) horns

78
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus, fornix and temporal lobe?

A

Emotions

79
Q

What separates the lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle?

A

Foramen of Munro

80
Q

What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

81
Q

Where does the film terminal terminate?

A

Coccyx

82
Q

Where is choroid plexus not found?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

83
Q

What is the function of the fornix?

A

Links hippocampus with maxillary bodies

84
Q

What is located below the fornix?

A

Thalamus

85
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland?

A

Secretes melatonin, circadian rhythm

86
Q

What is the function of the superior and inferior colliculi?

A

Midbrain relay areas for vision (superior) and hearing (inferior)

87
Q

How many cerebral and cerebellar peduncles are there?

A 
Cerebral = 1 pair
Cerebellar = 3 pairs
88
Q

What part of the ventricular system is related to the midbrain?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

89
Q

What ventricle sits between the thalamus?

A

3rd ventricle

90
Q

What ventricle sits under the corpus callosum?

A

Lateral ventricle

91
Q

What part of the basal ganglia is associated with the lateral ventricle?

A

Caudate nucleus

92
Q

What is the basal ganglia made of?

A

Grey matter

93
Q

What makes up the lentiform nucleus?

A

Putamen and globus pallidus

94
Q

What makes up the corpus striatum?

A

Caudate and lentiform

95
Q

Where is the internal capsule found?

A

Between thalamus and lentiform nucleus

96
Q

What separates the right and left horns of the lateral ventricles?

A

Septum pellucidum

97
Q

What does the Circle of Willis lie in?

A

Subarachnoid space

98
Q

What are the arteries of the spinal cord?

A

Two posterior, one anterior and segmental

99
Q

Where are venous sinuses?

A

In spaces in the dura mater

100
Q

What is the clinical significance of the pterion?

A

Weakest point (connection between bones) where middle meningeal artery lies

101
Q

What foramen does the middle meningeal artery pass through?

A

Foramen spinosum

102
Q

What imaging modalities can be used to visualise the cerebral circulation?

A

CT angiogram

MR angiogram

103
Q

What bone is the superior and middle turbinates a part of?

A

Ethmoid

Anatomy (11 decks)

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