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Anatomy > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the kidneys lie?

A

Paravertebral gutters

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2
Q

At what thoracic level do the kidneys lie?

A

T12-L3

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3
Q

At what level does the hilus of the kidney lie?

A

Transpyloric plane (L1)

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4
Q

What are the fascial coverings of the kidney?

A

Fibrous renal capsule
Fattt renal capsule
Renal fascia
Pararenal fatty tissue (on post aspect)

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5
Q

What muscles lie posteriorly to the kidney?

A

Diaphragm
Psoas major
Quadratus Lumborum

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6
Q

Describe the anterior relations of the right kidney.

A

Liver
Duodenum
Colon
Jejunum

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7
Q

Describe the anterior relations of the left kidney.

A 
Stomach
Pancreas
Spleen
Area of small bowel 
Left colonic flexure
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8
Q

What renal vein is the longest?

A

Left

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9
Q

What renal artery is the longest?

A

Right

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10
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the kidneys?

A

T12 and L1

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11
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the kidneys?

A

Vagus

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12
Q

What nodes drain lymph from the kidneys?

A

Para-aortic lymph nodes

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13
Q

Name two embryological abnormalities of the kidneys.

A

Horseshoe kidneys

Duplicated ureter

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14
Q

Describe the internal structures of the kidneys.

A

Renal pyramid - minor calyx - major calyx - Rena pelvis

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15
Q

What structures are found in the cortex of the kidney?

A

Bowman’s capsule, RCT, PCT

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16
Q

What structures are found in the medulla?

A

Loop of Henle and collecting ducts

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17
Q

What layer of the bowman’s capsule has podocytes?

A

Visceral

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18
Q

How are the proximal and distal convoluted tubules distinguished in histology?

A

Proximal are “fuzzy” due to presence of villi

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19
Q

Where do the renal arteries come off the aorta?

A

L1 and 2

20
Q

How many segmental arteries are present in the kidney?

A

5

21
Q

How are ureters peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

22
Q

What muscle does the ureter lie on?

A

Psoas major

23
Q

When does the ureter cross anteriorly?

A

At bifurcation of common iliac

24
Q

What crosses the ureter superiorly in a man?

A

Vas deferns

25
Q

What crosses the ureters superiorly in a woman?

A

Uterine artery

26
Q

What is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of?

A

Urachus (from Allantois)

27
Q

What is the name of the smooth muscle found in the bladder wall?

A

Detruser muscle

28
Q

What lies anteriorly to the bladder?

A

Pubic symphysis

29
Q

What attaches anteriorly at the apex of the bladder?

A

Median umbilical ligament

30
Q

What part of the bladder lies at angle to the urethral orifice?

A

Trigone

31
Q

Where are the three most common regions for stones?

A

Origin of the ureter
Pelvic brim
Vesico-ureteric junction

32
Q

At what angle do the ureters enter the bladder?

A

Posterosuperior angle

33
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium

34
Q

What type of endothelium lines the ureters?

A

Transitional

35
Q

Why is transitional endothelium beneficial in the bladder?

A

No leakage since tight junctions

Can stretch to accommodate volume fluctuations

36
Q

When looking at the ureters on imaging, what do they align with?

A

Transvers processes of lumbar vertebrae

37
Q

What can be easily seen on an abdominal X-ray with regards to the urinary system?

A

Kidney stones

38
Q

What is a CT KUB useful for?

A

Stones
Dilation of ureters
Identifying psoas major
Hydronephrosis

39
Q

What are renal MRIs good for?

A

Soft tissue abnormalities e.g renal cyst

40
Q

What dies can be added to a renal MRI?

A

Gadolinium

41
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Simple squamous

42
Q

What is located in the centre of the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Mesangium

43
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the distal and proximal convoluted tubules?

A

Simple cuboidal

44
Q

What kidney is lower?

A

Right

45
Q

What vein travels up from the pelvis to drain in to the left renal vein?

A

Left gonadal vein

46
Q

Where does the right gonadal vein drain into?

A

The IVC

Anatomy (11 decks)

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