Neuro- DDx

Question 1

UMN tone

Answer 1

Hypertonia

Question 2

UMN reflexes

Answer 2

Hyperreflexia, abnormal reflexes (clonus)

Question 3

UMN sensation

Answer 3

Decreased

Question 4

UMN voluntary movements

Answer 4

Synergic patterns

Question 5

LMN tone

Answer 5

Hypotonia

Question 6

LMN reflexes

Answer 6

Hyporeflexia or absent

Question 7

LMN sensation

Answer 7

Decreased

Question 8

LMN involuntary movements

Answer 8

Denervation-fasciculations

Question 9

LMN voluntary movements

Answer 9

Weak or absent

Question 10

basal ganglia tone

Answer 10

Rigidity (increase in tone, not velocity dependent)

Question 11

Basal ganglia reflexes

Answer 11

Decreased or normal

Question 12

Basal ganglia involuntary movements

Answer 12

Resting tremors (pill rolling)

Question 13

Basal ganglia voluntary movements

Answer 13

Bradykinesia, akinesia

Question 14

Cardinal signs of PD

Answer 14

“TRAP”
Tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural Instability

Question 15

H&Y I

Answer 15

Minimal or absent; unilateral if present

Question 16

H&Y II

Answer 16

Minimal bilateral or midline involvement; balance not impaired

Question 17

H&Y III

Answer 17

Impaired righting reflexes; BALANCE affected

Question 18

H&Y IV

Answer 18

All symptoms present and severe; standing and walking possible only with assistance.

Question 19

H&Y V

Answer 19

Confined to bed or wheelchair

Question 20

PD other signs and symptoms q

Answer 20

• early loss of smell
• constipation
• mask-like phase
• OH
• restrictive lung disease
• depression
• dementia

Question 21

On phase levodopa

Answer 21

Dyskinesia

Question 22

Off phase levodopa

Answer 22

Dystonia

Question 23

MS

Answer 23

Progressive demyelination of neurons in the CNS (lack of communication between brain and body)

Question 24

MS cranial nerve involvement

Answer 24

CN V; optic neuritis, trigeminal neuralgia

Question 25

Unique signs and symptoms of MS

Answer 25

- Lhermitte’s - Uhthoff’s - Charcot’s - CN II

Question 26

Charcot’s triad

Answer 26

“SIN” Scanning speech Intention tremor Nystagmus

Question 27

Progressive relapsing

Answer 27

Steady increase in disability with superimposed attacks

Question 28

Secondary progressive

Answer 28

Initially RR, symtpoms increase without periods of remission

Question 29

Primary progressive

Answer 29

Steady increas in disability without attacks/exacerbations

Question 30

Relapse remitting

Answer 30

Short duration attacks with full or partial recovery, may or may not leave lasting symptoms/deficits

Question 31

ALS

Answer 31

UMN + LMN Death of motor neuron (sensation intact)

Question 32

ALS signs and symptoms

Answer 32

- muscle atrophy, fasciculations -spasticity, hyperrreflexia - Dysphagia, dysarthria (bulbar) - pseudobulbar affect (emotional lability) - cervical spine extensor weakness - respiratory muscle weakness

Question 33

GBS

Answer 33

LMN Autoimmune (after an infection) Acute inflammatory demyelination

Question 34

GBS signs and symptoms

Answer 34

G- gloves and stocking B- bilateral S- symmetrical - decreased reflexes/areflexia -fatigue

Question 35

GBS cranial nerve involvement

Answer 35

VII, IX, X, XI, XII