Pulmonary Exam

Question 1

tidal volume

Answer 1

air inspired during normal, relaxed breathing

Question 2

tidal volume value

Answer 2

500 mL

Question 3

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Answer 3

additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after inspiration of normal TV

Question 4

IRV value

Answer 4

3,100 mL

Question 5

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Answer 5

additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after the expiration of a normal tidal volume

Question 6

ERV value

Answer 6

1,200 mL

Question 7

residual volume

Answer 7

volume of air remaining in lungs after ERV is exhaled

Question 8

RV value

Answer 8

1,200 mL

Question 9

total lung capacity (TLC)

Answer 9

maximum amount of air that can fill the lungs
TV + IRV +ERV + RV

Question 10

TLC value

Answer 10

6,000 mL

Question 11

vital capacity (VC)

Answer 11

total amount of air that can be expired after fully inhaling
TV + IRV + ERV

Question 12

VC value

Answer 12

4,800 mL

Question 13

inspiratory capacity (IC)

Answer 13

maximum amount of air that can be inspired
TV +IRV

Question 14

IC value

Answer 14

3,600 mL

Question 15

functional residual capacity (FRC)

Answer 15

amount of air remaining in lungs after a normal expiration
RV + ERV

Question 16

FRC

Answer 16

2,400 mL

Question 17

values that increase in OBSTRUCTIVE disorders

Answer 17

tidal volume
functional residual capacity
residual volume
total lung volume

Question 18

COPD GOLD mild

Answer 18

> 80% FEV1

Question 19

COPD GOLD moderate

Answer 19

50-80% FEV1

Question 20

COPD GOLD serve

Answer 20

30-50% FEV1

Question 21

COPD GOLD very severe

Answer 21

<30% FEV1

Question 22

vesicular sounds

Answer 22

I>E, soft, low, over most of lungs

Question 23

broncho-vesicular sounds

Answer 23

I=E, int., between 1st and 2nd interspace and between the scapulae

Question 24

bronchial sounds

Answer 24

E>I, loud, high, over manubrium

Question 25

tracheal sounds

Answer 25

I=E, very loud, relatively high, over trachea in the neck

Question 26

rhonchi

Answer 26

continuous, low pitches, ratting sounds (snoring)

Question 27

rhonchi conditions

Answer 27

COPD, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis

Question 28

wheeze

Answer 28

high=pitches sound heard in expiration, caused by airway obstructionw

Question 29

wheeze conditions

Answer 29

COPD, asthma, aspiration of any foreign body

Question 30

crackles

Answer 30

brief, discontinous, popping sound, high pitches

Question 31

crackles conditions

Answer 31

CHF, consolidation

Question 32

pleural rub conditions

Answer 32

inflammation

Question 33

bronchophony

Answer 33

vocal resonance with greater clarity and loudness of spoken word

Question 34

egophony

Answer 34

spoken long E sound turns to nasal sounding A

Question 35

whispered pectoriloquy

Answer 35

increased loudness of whispering

Question 36

pH normal range

Answer 36

7.35-7.45

Question 37

PaCO2 normal range

Answer 37

35-45 (acidic is high)

Question 38

HCO3 normal range

Answer 38

22-26 (alkaline is high)

Question 39

respiratory acidosis

Answer 39

dec. pH inc. PaCO2

Question 40

respiratory alkalosis

Answer 40

inc. pH dec. PaCO2

Question 41

metabolic acidosis

Answer 41

dec. pH dec. HCO3

Question 42

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 42

inc. pH inc. HCO3