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Neuro Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The three main compartments of the neck are the ___, ___ and the ___ compartments

A

Visceral
Vascular
Vertebral

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2
Q

The 6 kinds of fascia are

A 
Investing
Pretracheal
Buccopharyngeal
Alar
Prevertebral
Carotid
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3
Q

The three fascial spaces are

A

Pretracheal space
Retropharyngeal space
Prevertebral space (danger space)

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4
Q

The three things in the carotid sheath are

A

Carotid artery
IJV
Vagus nerve

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5
Q

Infections in the carotid sheath can extend from the ___ to the ___

A

Skull

Middle mediastinum

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6
Q

The pretracheal space extends from ___ to the ___

A

Thyroid cartilage

Anterior mediastinum

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7
Q

The retropharyngeal space goes from the ___ to the ___

A

Skull base

Superior mediastinum

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8
Q

The prevertebral “danger” space extends from the ___ to the ___

A

Skull base

Posterior mediastinum

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9
Q

Things can enter the prevertebral space by

A

Dental drilling

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10
Q

Zone I of the neck goes from ___ to ___
Zone II goes from ___ to ___
Zone III goes from ___ to ___

A

Thoracic inlet to cricoid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage to angle of mandible
Angle of mandible to base of skull

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11
Q

The boundaries of the PCT are

A

SCM
Trapezius
Middle 1/3 of clavicle

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12
Q

The 6 contents of the PCT are

A

Platysma
Cutaneous nn.
Transverse cervical aa.

Motor nn.
EJV
Deep. Muscles
Suprascapular aa

PCT MEDS

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13
Q

Lesser Occipital, great auricular and transverse cervical nerve levels

A

C2-C3

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14
Q

Supraclavicular nn level

A

C3-C4

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15
Q

Lesser occipital nerve supplies what

A

Skin of scalp at apex of triangle

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16
Q

Great auricular nerve supplies what

A

Lobe and skin posterior to auricle

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17
Q

Transverse cervical nerve supplies what

A

Skin of ACT and lateral neck

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18
Q

Supraclavicular nerves supply what

A

Skin of clavicular region

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19
Q

The two motor nerves of the PCT are the

A

Accessory n

Phrenic nerve

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20
Q

Level of phrenic nerve

A

C3-C5

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21
Q

EJV drains into

A

Subclavian v

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22
Q

Transverse cervical a comes from the

A

Thyrocervical trunk

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23
Q

Suprascapular a arises from the

A

Thyrocervical trunk

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24
Q

The transverse cervical nerve runs ___ but the transverse cervical artery runs ___

A

Anteriorly

Posteriorly

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25
The 4 deep muscles of the PCT are the
Splenius capitis Levator scapulae Scalene muscles (ant, middle, post) Omohyoid m. (Inferior belly)
26
Splenius capitis does what
Extends and laterally rotates head and neck
27
What innervates the levator scapulae
Dorsal scapular nerve
28
The scalene muscles do what
Tilt neck laterally
29
The scalene muscles are innervated by
Ventral rami of C3-C8
30
Two things that pass through the interscalene triangle
Brachial plexus | Subclavian a.
31
The boundaries of the interscalene triangle are the
Anterior scalene Middle scalene 1st rib
32
The anterior cervical triangle is made up of what 4 triangles
Submental triangle Submandibular Carotid Muscular
33
Platysma is innervated by what branch of what nerve
Cervical branch of facial n.
34
4 suprahyoid muscles
Stylohyoid Digastric Mylohyoid Geniohyoid
35
Stylohyoid innervation
Facial n
36
Two actions of digastric m
Raises hyoid bone | Lowers mandible
37
Innervation of ant belly and post belly of digastric
Ant belly: V3 | Post belly: VII
38
Mylohyoid innervation
V3
39
Geniohyoid m action
Elevates and pulls hyoid forward | Pulls mandible downward and inward
40
Innervation of geniohyoid
Branch from anterior ramus of C1
41
The 4 infrahyoid muscles
Omohyoid Sternohyoid Thyrohyoid Sternothyroid
42
Innervation of sternohyoid
Anterior rami of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis
43
Innervation of omohyoid
Anterior rami of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis
44
Thyrohyoid is innervated by
Nerve to thyrohyoid
45
Sternothyroid is innervated by
Ant. Rami of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis
46
Three anterior branches of the external carotid Three posterior branches of the external carotid
Superior thyroid Lingual Facial Ascending pharyngeal Occipital Posterior auricular
47
External carotid terminates as ___ and ___
Superficial temporal | Maxillary
48
The borders of the submental triangle are
Hyoid bone | L/R anterior belly of digastric
49
3 contents of submental triangle
Mylohyoid m Submental lymph nodes Some small veins
50
Borders of submandibular triangle
Inf. Border of mandible Ant. Belly of digastric Post belly of digastric
51
6 contents of submandibular triangle
``` Submandibular gland Lymph nodes Marginal mandibular branch of VII Hypoglossal n Mylohyoid n of V3 Facial a. / v. ```
52
Borders of the muscular triangle
Hyoid bone Superior belly of omohyoid/SCM Midline of neck
53
Viscera in muscular triangle (6 things, gross structures)
``` Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Trachea Esophagus Common carotid Internal Jugular v. ```
54
Borders of the carotid triangle
Post. Belly of digastric Anterior border of SCM Superior belly of omohyoid
55
5 nerves in carotid triangle
``` X XI XII Ansa cervicalis Laryngeal (off X) ```
56
Arteries in carotid triangle
Carotid aa. (Common, internal, external) | 6 branches of external carotid
57
The four sections of the thyroid are the:
Right lobe, left lobe, isthmus, pyramidal lobe
58
The three veins of the thyroid gland are the:
Superior, middle, inferior
59
The superior and middle thyroid veins drain into ___ while the inferior thyroid drains into ___
Internal jugular | Brachiocephalic
60
Damage to the external laryngeal nerve (in thyroidectomy) can lead to paralysis of ___ and ___
Cricothyroid m | Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
61
The three branches of the thyrocervical trunk are
Inferior thyroid Transverse cervical Suprascapular
62
Inferior thyroid a also gives off ___
Ascending cervical a
63
The two arteries that "pin down" phrenic nerve and anterior scalene
Transverse cervical | Suprascapular
64
The vertebral v. Travels where
Transverse foramen of C1-C6
65
The ___ nerve travels with vagus but breaks off in the root of the neck
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
66
The 3 sympathetic ganglia found in cervical region are the
Superior Middle Inferior cervical ganglia
67
Level of superior cervical ganglion
Level of mastoid process
68
Level of middle cervical ganglion
Posterior to thyroid gland
69
Level of inferior cervical ganglion
Just above subclavian a.
70
The inferior cervical ganglion combines with ____ to make ____
First thoracic ganglion Cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion
71
The thoracic duct drains from where
Everywhere except right upper limb and right head/neck/chest
72
The thoracic duct drains into the ___
Left venous angle
73
Facial structures develop when
Second month
74
Week 4: ___ appear, ___ and ___ form Weeks 5-6: ___ and ___ form Week 7: the ___ forms Week 10: things move and normalize
Pharyngeal arches, maxilla and mandible Nasal pit and nasal cavity Face
75
The face forms from what 5 things
Frontonasal prominence (1) Maxillary prominences (2) Mandibular prominences (2)
76
Nasal placodes form from ___ and eventually become ___ and ___
Nasal placodes Medial nasal prominences Lateral nasal prominences
77
Nasal pits form when
Week 5
78
Oronasal membrane ruptures when
Week 6
79
The space where the oronasal membrane ruptures is called the :
Primordial choanae
80
___ gives rise to olfactory epithelium
Neuroectoderm
81
Mandibular prominences fuse at day _
28
82
How does the nasolacrimal duct form?
From the nasolacrimal groove
83
The intermaxillary segment forms when the ___ fuse and also makes up the ___, ___, and the ___
Medial nasal prominences Philtrum Premaxillary part of maxilla Primary palate
84
How does a cleft palate form
If the tongue doesn't drop
85
The incisive foramen marks what
Where secondary palate fuses with primary palate
86
The first step in forming the inner ear is:
Surface ectoderm at the level of caudal hindbrain forms OTIC PLACODES
87
Placodes become ___ which become ___
Pits | Vesicles
88
The placode of the inner ear will eventually become the ___
Membranous labyrinth
89
The otic vesicle can be divided into the ___ and the ___ regions
Utricular | Saccular
90
Vacuoles in the cartilaginous otic capsule around the cochlear duct become what two things
Scala vestbuli | Scala tympani
91
The spiral organ forms where
Cell walls of coiled duct
92
The spiral ganglion is formed from what
Cell bodies of CN VIII
93
The auricle forms from what
Auricular hillocks
94
The eye forms mostly in weeks _-_
4-5
95
Optic vesicles become ___ and ___
Optic cups | Optic stalks
96
The lens is formed from which layer?
Surface ectoderm
97
The two layers of the optic cup become what
The retinal pigmented epithelium (outer) The neural retina (inner)
98
The space that extends through the vitreous humor is called the
Hyaloid canal
99
How does the lens form? (3 steps)
Lens placode -> lens pit -> lens vesicle
100
Order of retinal layers light hits
Nerve fiber layer -> inner nuclear layer -> outer nuclear layer -> rods and cones (Then impulse travels back other direction)
101
On a skull, the nose opening is called the _
Piriform aperture
102
The three intersections of the skull bones are the
Pterion Lambda Bregma
103
The most superior point on the cranium is the
Vertex
104
The orbit is made up of what 6 bones
``` Frontal bone Zygomatic bone Maxilla Lacrimal Ethmoidal Sphenoid ```
105
Two functions of nasal sinuses
Make bones lighter | Add resonance to voice
106
How many paranasal sinuses are there
2 frontal 3-13 ethmoid air cells 2 sphenoid 2 maxillary
107
What is in the optic canal
``` Optic Nerve (II) Ophthalmic a. ```
108
What travels in the Superior orbital fissure
CN's III, IV, V1, VI
109
What travels in foramen rotundum
Maxillary (V2)
110
What foramen does V3 travel in
Foramen Ovale
111
What travels in foramen spinosum
Middle meningeal a.
112
Where does ICA enter cranial vault
Foramen Lacerum
113
What travels in the jugular foramen
IX, X, XI and IJV
114
What travels in the internal acoustic foramen
VII and VIII
115
What two foramina does VII travel in
Internal acoustic foramen | Stylomastoid foramen
116
Through which foramen does XII travel
Hypoglossal canal
117
What enters foramen magnum
Vertebral arteries | Spinal cord
118
Where does ICA enter skull
Carotid canal
119
Layers of the scalp
``` Skin Connective tissue (dense) Aponeurotic layer Loose connective tissue Pericranium ```
120
Which scalp layer has most of vessels and nerves
Dense connective tissue
121
Which layer of the scalp can be a potential space for infection
Loose connective tiss.
122
What are the muscles of the ear
Anterior, superior and posterior auricular
123
The frontalis muscle does what: The corrugator super cilii does what: The orbiculares oculi does what:
Raises eyebrow Draws eyebrow in Closes eye
124
Muscle wrinkles bridge of nose Muscle compresses and dilates nostril Dilates nostril
Procerus Nasalis Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
125
Seven superficial muscles of mouth Three deep muscles of mouth
``` Orbicularis oris Levator labii superioris Zygomaticus major/minor Depressor anguli oris Depressor labii inferioris Risorius Mentalis ``` Buccinator Levator anguli oris Depressor labii inferioris
126
Medial pterygoid action vs lateral
Med.: elevates mandible Protracts mandible Rotates mandible Lat.: protrudes mandible Rotates mandible Opens mouth
127
Lat. pterygoid has 2 branches | Med. pterygoid has 2 branches
Upper/lower head | Superficial/deep head
128
Sensory nerves to the face and scalp come from
``` CN V Cervical nerve (C2,3) ```
129
4 things that can go wrong in/around parotid gland
Calculus Fistulas Neoplasms Frey's syndrome (gustatory sweating)
130
Why is a parotidectomy risky?
VII passes through it
131
Branches of the facial nerve
``` Posterior auricular Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Marginal mandibular Cervical ```
132
The ___ nerve is the motor innervation of buccinator and the ___ provides sensory to the mucosa and skin around it
VII | V3
133
Transverse facial artery and vein is a branch of ___ a/v
Superficial temporal
134
The 4 lymphatic nodes around the mandible are the
Submental Submandibular Parotid Pre-auricular
135
Disease that causes parotid gland to swell that pushes ear
Mumps
136
The retromandibular vein is formed when the _ and _ veins meet
Superficial temporal and maxillary
137
Borders of the infratemporal fossa
L - Ramus of mandible M - lateral pterygoid plate A - maxilla P - tympanic plate, mastoid, styloid process
138
Muscles in infratemporal fossa
Temporalis Medial pterygoid Lateral pterygoid
139
Main artery and veins in infratemporal fossa
Maxillary a | Pterygoid plexus
140
The 4 parasympathetic ganglia in the head are the
Ciliary (III) Pterygopalatine (VII) Submandibular (VII) Otic (IX)
141
Postganglionic fibers from the ciliary ganglion innervate the __ muscles
Sphincter pupillae | Ciliary muscles
142
What two sets of nerves pass through the ciliary ganglion without synapsing
Sympathetic from Int. Car. Plexus | Sensory from nasociliary
143
Target organs from pterygopalatine ganglion
Lacrimal gland Mucous glands of nasal cavity Nasopharynx Palate
144
Otic ganglion innervates what organs
Parotid gland
145
Chorda tympani: Branch of _ Supplies _ innervation to _ Carries _ fibers from ant 2/3 of tongue
VII Parasympathetic to subman and sublingual salivary glands Taste
146
Chorda tympani travels with
Lingual n.
147
The _ nerve surrounds the middle meningeal a.
Auriculotemporal
148
Central sulcus Parietooccipital sulcus Lateral fissure/sulcus Longitudinal fissure
B/t frontal and parietal B/t parietal and occipital B/temporal and frontal B/t cerebral hemispheres
149
What travels in foramen cecum
Emissary vein from nasal cavity to SSS
150
What nerves innervate the dura
V1 - ant. Meningeal branches of ethmoidal n. Tentorial nerve (off ophthalmic nerve) V2 - meningeal branch of maxillary nerve V3 - meningeal branches of mandibular nerve
151
Diaphragma sellae is found b/t
Brain and pituitary
152
Emissary vein vs. diploic vein
Emissary crosses bone | Diploic goes from SSS into bone
153
Which nerves are in the wall of the cavernous sinus
III, IV, V1, V2 | VI is inside it
154
What's in the subarachnoid space
CSF, blood vessels
155
The poofs from the subarachnoid space into the sinuses are called
Arachnoid granulation
156
The membrane on the eyelid is the _ and the membrane lining the surface of the eye is the _
Palpebral conjunctiva | Bulbar conjunctiva
157
Tarsal glands are ___ ___ glands
Modified sebaceous
158
Tarsal glands do what
Increase viscosity of tears to decrease rate of evaporation
159
Ciliary glands are _ and _ glands
Sebaceous | Sweat
160
Diff b/t superior and inferior tarsus
Superior has a muscle tendon attached
161
The ligaments that connects the eye lids medially and laterally
Lateral/medial palpebral ligament
162
Bones that form the orbit
``` Frontal Sphenoid Zygomatic Ethmoid Lacrimal Palatine Maxilla ```
163
The 7 foramina of the orbit and what goes through them
Optic canal - II and ophthalmic a. Sup. Orbital fissure - III, IV, V1, VI, ophthalmic v. Supraorbital notch/foramen - supraorbital n. /a. Inf. Orbital fissure. - infraorbital n., zygomatic n./a. Infraorbital foramen - infraorbital n. /a. Ant. Eth. Foramen - ant. Ethmoidal n. Post. Ethmoidal foramen - post. Ethmoidal n./a.
164
Trace a sympathetic impulse from T1 to the lacrimal gland (12 Steps)
T1 -> white ramus communicans -> sympathetic chain -> superior cervical ganglion (synapse) -> carotid plexus -> deep petrosal nerve -> Vidian n. -> pterygopalatine ganglion -> communicating branch -> maxillary nerve -> zygomatic nerve -> lacrimal n. -> lacrimal gland
165
Trace parasympathetic going to lacrimal gland
Greater petrosal -> Vidian nerve -> pterygopalatine ganglion -> communicating br. -> maxillary -> zygomatic -> lacrimal
166
Until it meets up with the zygomatic n., the lacrimal n. Only carries _ nerves
Sensory
167
The vasculature of the eye is located in the _
Middle eye
168
The 4 things in the middle eye are the
Choroid Ciliary body Iris Pupil
169
The ___ is a sympathetic eye muscle and the fibers run _ | The ___ is a parasympathetic eye muscle and the fibers run _
Dilator pupillae, in a line Sphincter pupillae, circular
170
Veins of the eye are called
Vorticose veins
171
The 4 things in the inner eye are the
Retina Macula lutea Fovea centralis Optic disc
172
T/F the macula is vascularized
F
173
T/F the eye is continuous with the dural layers
T
174
4 parts of the eye that help focus light
Cornea Lens Aqueous humor Vitreous humor
175
Tears go from the lacrimal gland through the __ to the __ through the ___ to the nose
Lacrimal canaliculi Lacrimal sac Nasolacrimal duct
176
Actions of superior and inferior oblique
Sup: depresses and abducts eye | Inf.: elevates and abducts
177
Both oblique muscles insert on the _ surface of the eye
Lateral
178
Ciliary ganglion receives p symp from _
CN III
179
Motor nerve innervation of eye
LR4/SO4/R3
180
Ciliary ganglion supplies p symp to
Ciliary m | Pupillary sphincter m
181
Pupillary dilator muscles receive _ innervation from _
Sympathetic | Int. Carotid plexus
182
Which joint lets you nod
Atlanto-occipital joint
183
Joint that lets you go no
Atlanto-axial joint
184
T/F both the atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial joints have discs
FALSE
185
Superficial to the dura mater is the __ which is a superior extension of the __
Tectorial membrane | Posterior longitudinal ligament
186
The __ is an extension of the anterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior Atlanto-occipital membrane
187
The __ connects the posterior vertebral arches
Ligamenta flava
188
The 3 (6 since 1 has 3 parts) deep craniovertebral ligaments are the
``` Cruciate ligament of atlas -superior longitudinal band -transverse ligament of atlas -inferior longitudinal band Alar (check) ligament Apical ligament of dens ```
189
The sympathetic trunk is in the _ space
Retropharyngeal
190
IX travels with what
Stylopharyngeus m.
191
The vagus n. Gives off what 2 branches at the base of the skull
Pharyngeal n. | Superior laryngeal n.
192
The pharyngeal plexus is formed by what two n
Pharyngeal brs. Of IX and X
193
Geniohyoid and thyrohyoid receive motor innervation from
C1
194
The space above the superior concha is the
Spheno-ethmoidal recess
195
The frontal sinuses drain through the
Frontonasal duct
196
Ethmoidal air cell openings Ant: Middle Post:
Ant: in semilunar hiatus between nasofrontal duct and maxillary canal Middle: on ethmoidal bulla Post: in sup. Nasal meatus
197
Sup. To maxillary sinus ___ Medial to max sinus ___ Lateral to max sinus ___
Orbit Nasal cavity Infratemporal fossa
198
General sensation of paranasal sinuses: from _ P symp fibers to paranasal sinuses: from _ Symp fibers to paranasal sinuses: from _
V2 VII T1
199
Lateral opening of pterygopalatine fossa
Pterygomaxillary fissure
200
Medial opening of pterygopalatine fossa
Sphenopalatine foramen
201
Three posterior openings of pterygopalatine fossa
Foramen rotundum Pterygoid canal Pharyngeal canal
202
Anteriosuperior opening of pterygopalatine fossa
Inferior orbital fissure
203
Inferior opening of pterygopalatine fossa
Palatine canal
204
What travels in the pterygomaxillary fissure
Maxillary a. | PSA
205
What travels in the sphenopalatine foramen
Sphenopalatine a Nasopalatine n Post. Sup. Nasal n.
206
What enters the pterygopalatine fossa from foramen rotundum
V2
207
What travels in the pterygoid canal
N of pterygoid canal | A of pterygoid canal
208
What travels in the pharyngeal canal from the pterygopalatine fossa
Pharyngeal a | Pharyngeal n.
209
What travels in the palatine canal
Greater palatine n. Greater palatine a. Lesser palatine n Lesser palatine a.
210
What travels in the infraorbital fissure
Infraorbital a Infraorbital n. Zygomatic n.,
211
Area on nasal septum that is prone to nosebleeds due to many anastomoses
Kiesselbach's area
212
The two branches off the sphenopalatine a. Are the
Posterior septal | Posterior lateral nasal
213
The P.S.L. Nasal and P.I.L. Nasal and nasopalatine nerves are branches off _
V2
214
The 4 nerves off VII that aren't in PTZBMC are:
N. to post. Belly of digastric Chorda tympani Greater petrosal N. To Stapedius
215
The bony structure that the lesser palatine foramen is in is called the _
Pyramidal process
216
The palatovaginal canal is another name for the
Pharyngeal canal
217
Nerve of pterygoid canal or vidian nerve is made up of what two parts? (Include where they're from)
Greater petrosal (from VII) Deep petrosal (from sup. Cervical ganglion then carotid plexus)
218
The posterior boundary of the oral cavity is the _
Oropharyngeal isthmus
219
The anterior palatal arch is the _ and the posterior is the _
Palatoglossal | Palatopharyngeal
220
You can see the _ at the posterior of the mouth, but can usually only see the _ of the _
Levator veli palatini Aponeurosis Tensor veli palatini
221
The tendon of tensor veli palatini hooks under the _
Pterygoid hamulus
222
Of the two veli palatinis, the _ is more posterior
Levator
223
The maxillary artery branches that supply the palate are the __ and ___ The branch of the external carotid that supplies the palate is the _ The branch of the facial artery that supplies the palate is the _
Greater and lesser palatine Palatine branch of ascending pharyngeal Ascending palatine
224
The palatine arteries anastomose in the _ The palatine nerves anastomose in the _
Nasal cavity | Oral cavity
225
All the muscles of the soft palate except _ are innervated by _. _ is innervated by _
Tensor veli palatini X Tensor veli palatini V3
226
The 5 arteries that have a tonsillar branch are
``` Lesser palatine Ascending palatine Ascending pharyngeal Facial Dorsal lingual ```
227
What nerve runs near the tonsils
IX
228
The duct of the _ and the _ nerve are twisted inferior to the mouth
Submandibular gland | Lingual nerve
229
The lingual nerve emerges between the _ and the _
Lat and med pterygoid
230
The submandibular ganglion is roughly at the level of _
3rd molar
231
The submandibular ganglion gets its parasympathetic fibers from the _ that travels with the lingual nerve
Chorda tympani
232
CN IX runs lateral to the _ muscle to enter pharynx
Stylopharyngeus
233
The 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue are: There are also intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Palatoglossus Styloglossus Hyoglossus Genioglossus
234
All of the muscles of the tongue are innervated by _ except _ which is innervated by _
XII Palatoglossus X
235
Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue is from _ Taste from posterior 1/3 is from _ Taste from root of tongue and epiglottis is from _
Chorda tympani (VII) Glossopharyngeal Vagus
236
General sensory to ant. 2/3 is from _ General sensory to post 1/3 is from _ General sensory to root of tongue and epiglottis is from _
V3 IX X
237
The three types of epithelial membranes are
Cutaneous Mucous Serous
238
There is keritinized stratified squamous epithelium in what 3 places: Why?
Hard palate Gingiva Dorsal of tongue Masticatory mucosa
239
The 4 types of papilla on the tongue
Foliate Filiform Fungiform Circumvallate
240
The main type of papilla on the tongue is _ Does it have taste buds
Filiform No
241
The random papilla scattered throughout the tongue are the _ Do they have taste buds?
Fungiform Yes
242
The type of papilla that have a moat around them and are located at the back only are ___ Why do they have a moat
Vallate Venebrer's gland - liquid holds here so that we can taste better
243
Papilla on the sides with taste buds are _
Foliate
244
Dentin is made by
Odontoblasts
245
The two major cell types of salivary glands are
Serous | Mucous
246
Serous cells secrete _
Proteins
247
Mucous cells secrete
Hydrophilic glycoprotein mucins
248
Myoepithelial cells do what
Speed up secretion
249
How do mucous acini look in traditional fixation methods
Have serous demilunes
250
A salivon is made up of what 4 parts
Acinus Intercalated duct Striated duct Excretory duct
251
Which duct secretes more mucous than serous
Sublingual
252
Intercalated ducts ep cell type
Cuboidal
253
Striated duct ep cell types
Simple cuboidal to columnar
254
Excretory duct ep cell type
Simple or stratified cuboidal to pseudostratified or stratified columnar
255
The parotid gland can be identified histologically because it contains
Adipose cells
256
The submandibular gland is mostly made of _ cells
Serous
257
Sublingual glands are what type
Mixed but mostly mucous
258
Pharynx ends at what level
C6
259
5 layers of pharynx
``` Mucosa Submucosa Pharyngobasilar fascia Muscular layer Buccopharyngeal fascia ```
260
The vallecula would eventually spill into the _
Piriform fossa
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The laryngeal nerves are branches off _
Vagus
262
The internal laryngeal nerve does what
Sensory superior to ventricle
263
The external laryngeal nerve does what
Motor to cricothyroid
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The inferior laryngeal nerve does what
Sensory inferior to the ventricle Motor to inferior muscles except cricothyroid
265
Other than the superior, middle and inferior constrictors, the other muscles of the pharynx are:
Stylopharyngeus Salpingopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus
266
IX travels with _ muscle
Stylopharyngeus
267
What structure is associated with the middle constrictor?
Stylohyoid ligament
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The three gaps in the pharyngeal wall are the _+
Oropharyngeal triangle Hole in thyrohyoid membrane Space under inferior constrictor
269
The pharynx gets symp. Innervation from _ Motor from _ Sensory and motor to stylopharyngeus from _
Superior cervical ganglion CN X CN IX
270
The three regions of the larynx are the
Vestibule Ventricle Infraglottic
271
The epiglottis is held in place by what two ligaments
Thyro-epiglottic ligament | Hyo-epiglottic ligament
272
The sup. Thyroid tubercle, oblique line, and inf. Thyroid tubercle attach to what
Inferior constrictor
273
The lateral thyroid ligaments connect what
Superior horn of thyroid to | Greater horn of hyoid
274
Thyroid cartilage is made of what cartilage
Hyaline
275
The inferior thyroid ligament articulates with _
Cricoid cartilage
276
_ cartilage sits on cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid
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Arytenoid cartilage is _ cartilage
Hyaline
278
_ cartilage sits on arytenoid cartilage
Corniculate
279
Corniculate cartilage is _ cartilage
Elastic
280
Vestibular ligament is what
Inferior border of quadrangular membrane False vocal cord
281
Triciceal cartilage is located in
Lateral thyrohyoid ligament
282
Thyroid cartilage moves forward at what joint
Cricothyroid joint
283
Moving at the cricothyroid joint does what
Changes pitch, intonation by increasing tension on vocal ligament
284
What runs just posterior to cricothyroid joint
Recurrent laryngeal -> inferior laryngeal
285
Aditus is another name for the _
Superior opening of larynx
286
The space between the vestibular folds
Rima vestibuli
287
The space between vocal folds
Rima glottidis
288
It takes how long to die if larynx isn't opened
~5
289
The 6 muscles of the larynx are:
``` Cricothyroid (straight and oblique) Transverse arytenoid Oblique arytenoid Posterior crico-arytenoid Vocalis Lateral crico-arytenoid ```
290
The only muscle to open the airway is the _
Posterior crico-arytenoid

Anatomy (5 decks)

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