Neuroanatomy 1

Question 1

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 1

12

Question 2

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 2

31`

Question 3

At what stage of development do the primary vesicles appear?

Answer 3

4 weeks

Question 4

What are the 3 primary vesicles?

Answer 4

prosencephalon; mesencephalon and rhombencephalon

Question 5

What secondary vesicles develop from the prosencephalon?

Answer 5

telencephalon; diencephalon

Question 6

What secondary vesicles develop from the rhombencephalon?

Answer 6

metencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 7

What does the telencephalon develop into?

Answer 7

the cerebral hemispheres

Question 8

What does the diencephalon develop into?

Answer 8

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 9

What does the mesencephalon develop into?

Answer 9

midbrain

Question 10

What does the metencephalon?

Answer 10

pons and the cerebellum

Question 11

What does the myelencephalon develop into?

Answer 11

medulla oblongata

Question 12

What are the 4 types of glial cell in the CNS?

Answer 12

astrocytes; oligodendrocytes; microglia and ependymal cells

Question 13

What are the functions of astrocytes?

Answer 13

support; maintaining the blood-brain barrier and homeostasis

Question 14

Why is the support function of the glial cells in the CNS important?

Answer 14

There is no connective tissue in the CNS

Question 15

How do astrocytes appear histologically?

Answer 15

star-shaped- lots of processes (astro- like astronaut)

Question 16

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

Answer 16

produce myelin

Question 17

What are the spaces in between sheaths of myelin known as?

Answer 17

nodes of Ranvier

Question 18

What is one major difference between Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes?

Answer 18

oligodendrocytes have multiple processes in order to myelinate multiple axons whereas Schwann cells only myelinate one axon

Question 19

What is the lineage of microglia?

Answer 19

haemopoietic

Question 20

What is the function of microglia?

Answer 20

immune monitoring and antigen presentation

Question 21

How does the appearance of microglia change once activated?

Answer 21

they lose their short processes and become rounder

Question 22

What are ependymal cells?

Answer 22

ciliated cuboidal/columnar epithelial cells

Question 23

Where are ependymal cells found?

Answer 23

lining the ventricles and choroid plexus

Question 24

What is the function of the gyri and sulci?

Answer 24

to increase the SA of grey matter

Question 25

What is the name for a deeper sulcus?

Answer 25

fissure

Question 26

What is found whithin the white matter?

Answer 26

axons and their support cells

Question 27

What is foudn within the grey matter?

Answer 27

nuerons, cell processes, synapses and supprt cells

Question 28

How is grey matter organised in the spinal cord?

Answer 28

posterior and anterior horns (additional lateral horns at some levels)

Question 29

How is white matter organised in the spinal cord?

Answer 29

posterior; lateral and anteiror columns

Question 30

What does the central sulcus separate?

Answer 30

the frontal and parietal lobes

Question 31

What separates the hemispheres of the brain?

Answer 31

longitudinal fissure

Question 32

What does the lentiform nucleus form part of?

Answer 32

basal ganglia

Question 33

What is the function of the internal capsule?

Answer 33

main "information highway" between the cortex and spinal cord

Question 34

What lies inferior to the lentiform nucleus?

Answer 34

hippocampus

Question 35

What is found directly superior to the lateral ventricles?

Answer 35

fornix and corpus callosum

Question 36

What is the cingulate gyrus invovled in?

Answer 36

pain sensation

Question 37

Where is the cingulate gyrus found?

Answer 37

superior to the corpus callosum

Question 38

What separates the parietal and occipital lobes?

Answer 38

the parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 39

What joins the 3rd ventricle to the lateral ventricle?

Answer 39

interventricular foramen

Question 40

What joins the right and left thalami?

Answer 40

interthalamic adhesion

Question 41

What is found posterior to the thalamus?

Answer 41

pineal gland

Question 42

What is the pineal gland involved in?

Answer 42

diurnal rhythms

Question 43

What separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe?

Answer 43

lateral sulcus

Question 44

What is the function of the calcarine sulcus?

Answer 44

contains the primary visual cortex

Question 45

What forms the posterior border of the temporal lobe?

Answer 45

a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch

Question 46

What is the function of the insula?

Answer 46

pain

Question 47

What are the 3 layers of meninges?

Answer 47

dura mater; arachnoid mater; pia mater

Question 48

What does the dura mater attach to?

Answer 48

the periosteum of the skull

Question 49

Where is the myenteric plexus found?

Answer 49

between circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers

Question 50

Where is the submucosal plexus found?

Answer 50

submucosa

Question 51

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain into the internal jugular vein?

Answer 51

through the jugular foramen