Neuroanatomy 3

Question 1

How do the basal ganglia communicate with the motor cortex?

Answer 1

via the thalamus

Question 2

Where is the premotor area located?

Answer 2

anterior to the primary motor cortex

Question 3

Where is the supplementary motor area located?

Answer 3

longitudinal fissure

Question 4

What are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum?

Answer 4

anterior lobe; posterior lobe and flocculonodular lobe

Question 5

What separates the anterior lobe from the posterior lobe of the cerebellum?

Answer 5

primary fissure

Question 6

What separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum?

Answer 6

tentorium cerebelli

Question 7

What attaches the cerebellum to the brainstem?

Answer 7

superior; middle and inferior peduncles

Question 8

What splits the cerebellar hemispheres?

Answer 8

vermis

Question 9

What is the name for the grey matter located deep in the white matter of the cerebellum?

Answer 9

deep cerebellar nuclie

Question 10

How many deep cerebella nuclei are found in the cerebellum?

Answer 10

four on each side

Question 11

What is the name of the largest deep cerebellar nuceli?

Answer 11

dentate nuclei

Question 12

What is the function of the deep cerebellar nuclei?

Answer 12

communication with the rest of the nervous system

Question 13

What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 13

molecular; purkinje and granule

Question 14

How do afferent projections to the cerebellum arrive?

Answer 14

enter via peduncles and project to the granule cell layer

Question 15

Where do afferent signals to the cerebellum come from?

Answer 15

spinal cord from somatic proprioceptors nad pressure receptors; cerebral cortex (via pons) and vestibular apparatus (via vestibular nuclei)

Question 16

What is the only output from the cerebellar lobes?

Answer 16

purkinje cells

Question 17

Where do purkinje cells synapse to send info out of the cerebelum?

Answer 17

deep cerebellar nuceli

Question 18

What is the function of the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 18

synapses between purkinje dendrites and granule axons which both project into the molecular layer

Question 19

What side of the body do cerebellar hemispheres influence?

Answer 19

ipsilaterally

Question 20

What is the consequence of a midline cerebellar lsion?

Answer 20

disturbance postural control

Question 21

What constitutes the spinocerebellum?

Answer 21

vermis and immediate areas of the hemispheres

Question 22

What is the function of the spinocerebellum?

Answer 22

posture and simple limb control

Question 23

What are the cerebellar hemispheres also known as?

Answer 23

pontocerebellum

Question 24

What is the function of the pontocerebellum?

Answer 24

fine motor control and complex limb movements

Question 25

What is the other name for the folliculonodular lobe?

Answer 25

vestibulocerebellum

Question 26

What are the sympomts of bilateral cerebellar dysfunction?

Answer 26

cerebellar ataxia

Question 27

What are the symptoms of cerebellar ataxia?

Answer 27

staggering, wide-based gait

Question 28

What is the most common cause of cerebellar ataxia?

Answer 28

acute alcohol exposure

Question 29

What are the functions of the basal ganglia?

Answer 29

to facilitate purposeful movement(direct pathway); inhibit unwanted movements (indirect pathway) and play a role in posture and muscle tone

Question 30

What are the basal ganglia?

Answer 30

number of masses of grey matter located near the base of each cerebral hemisphere

Question 31

Name the parts of the basal ganglia?

Answer 31

caudate nucleus; putamen; globus pallidus; subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra

Question 32

What forms the striatum?

Answer 32

caudate nucleus and putamen

Question 33

What forms the corpus striatum?

Answer 33

caudate nucleus; putamen and globus pallidus

Question 34

What forms the lenticular nucleus?

Answer 34

putamen and globus pallidus

Question 35

What is the appearnace of globus pallidus?

Answer 35

2 stripes lateral and medial

Question 36

Where is substantia nigra located?

Answer 36

midbrain

Question 37

How does substantia nigra appear?

Answer 37

black

Question 38

What is the function of substantia nigra?

Answer 38

produce dopamine

Question 39

What is found between globus pallidus and the thalamus?

Answer 39

internal capsule

Question 40

What is the location of putamen?

Answer 40

follows 4th ventricle like rams horn

Question 41

What is the function of the direct pathway?

Answer 41

enhances outflow of thalamus, enhancing the desired movement

Question 42

What part of the basal ganglia is involved in the indirect pathway but not the direct?

Answer 42

subthalamic nucleus

Question 43

What side do unilateral lesions of the basal ganglia affect?

Answer 43

the contralateral side of the body