Neuroanatomy 5

Question 1

What is the reticular formation?

Answer 1

scattered nuclei forming a network that integrate cranial nerve responses

Question 2

What is found in the organ of corti?

Answer 2

inner and outer hair cells

Question 3

What is the spiral ganglion?

Answer 3

bipolar neurons stimulated by hair cells and carrying APs from organ of corti to cochlear nuclei in pons

Question 4

What happens to fibres after the cochlear nuclei?

Answer 4

some cross over and some dont

Question 5

What tract do fibres travel in after the superior olivary nucleus?

Answer 5

lateral lemniscus

Question 6

What nucleus do fibres travel to after the cochlear nuclei?

Answer 6

superior olivary nucleus

Question 7

What two regions does the lateral lemniscus join?

Answer 7

superior olivary nucleus to the inferior colliculus

Question 8

What body do fibres create as they decussate after the cochlear nuclei?

Answer 8

trapezoid body

Question 9

What is the superior olivary nucleus important in?

Answer 9

analysis of sound esp. in the horizontal plane

Question 10

What joins the inferior colliculi to the thalamus?

Answer 10

inferior brachium

Question 11

Where in the thalamus do sound fibres synapse?

Answer 11

medial geniculate body

Question 12

Where is the primary auditory cortex located?

Answer 12

superior posterior thalamus, buried a little in the lateral fissure

Question 13

What do sound fibres travel in from the thalamus to the primary auditory cortex?

Answer 13

internal capsule

Question 14

Where do fibres carrying low frequency sound end in the auditory cortex?

Answer 14

anterolateral part

Question 15

Where do fibres carrying high frequency sound end in the auditory cortex?

Answer 15

posteromedial part

Question 16

Where is Broca’s area located?

Answer 16

superior to the lateral fissure in the frontal lobe

Question 17

Where is Wernkicke’s area located?

Answer 17

surrounding the pimrary auditory cortx posteroinferiorly

Question 18

What happens if there is damage to Broca’s area?

Answer 18

struggle to produce language but can comprehend language

Question 19

What happens if there is damage to Wernicke’s area?

Answer 19

difficulty understanding language

Question 20

What is the first synapse of the vestibular fibres?

Answer 20

vestibular ganglion- just as fibres leave the labyrinth

Question 21

Where ist he second synapse of vestibular fibres?

Answer 21

vestibular nuclei in the medulla

Question 22

What connections does the vestibular nuclei have?

Answer 22

thalamus; nuclei of CNs III, IV, VI; cerebellum and spinal cord

Question 23

What tract do vestibular fibres descned within the spinal cord in?

Answer 23

vestibulospinal tracts

Question 24

what is the function of the vestibulospinal tracts?

Answer 24

excite limb extensors

Question 25

What area of the cerebullum do vestibular fibres travel to?

Answer 25

folliculonodular lobe

Question 26

Where does the optic nerve begin?

Answer 26

ganglia in the retina

Question 27

What is the first main synapse of the visual pathway once out of the eye?

Answer 27

lateral geniculate nucleus in thalamus

Question 28

Where do fibres involved in the pupillary light reflex terminate?

Answer 28

pretectal area and superior colliculus

Question 29

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

Answer 29

above and below the calcarine sulcus of the occipital lobe

Question 30

Where do neurones of the pretectal area project?

Answer 30

bilaterally to the edinger-westphal nuclei

Question 31

Where is the lower visual field projected to in relation to the calcarine sulcus?

Answer 31

gyrus superior to the calcarine sulcus

Question 32

Which fibres are carried in Meyer's loop?

Answer 32

upper half of the visual field

Question 33

What is Meyer's loop?

Answer 33

a loop of fibres from the lateral geniculate body around the temporal part of the lateral ventricle

Question 34

Why do some fibres leave the optic chiasm to go to the hypothalamus and pineal gland?

Answer 34

invovled in diurnal rhythms

Question 35

What areas of the brain have roles in eye movement?

Answer 35

visual cortex and the frontal eye fields

Question 36

What is the difference between the movements of the visual cortex and the frontal eye fields?

Answer 36

the visual cortex gives movements in response to visual stimuli whereas the frontal eye field is invovled in movements of command which tend to be jumpy (saccadic) rather than smooth

Question 37

Where is the primary gustatory area located?

Answer 37

posteroinferiorly in the frontal lobe

Question 38

What is the function of association fibres?

Answer 38

connect cortical sites lying in the same hemisphere

Question 39

What is the function of commisural fibres?

Answer 39

connect one hemisphere to the other, usually connecting areas with similar function

Question 40

What is the function of projection fibres?

Answer 40

connect hemispheres to deeper structures

Question 41

What do the deep cerebral veins drain?

Answer 41

internal structures of the forebrain

Question 42

What do the deep cerebral veins in each cerebral hemisphere merge to form?

Answer 42

internal cerebral vein

Question 43

What do the internal cerebral veins in each hemisphere join to fom?

Answer 43

the great cerebral vein of Galen

Question 44

Where does the great cerebral vein of Galen lie?

Answer 44

beneath the corpus callosum

Question 45

What does the great cerebral vein of Galen drain into?

Answer 45

straight sinus

Question 46

Where is the straight sinus found?

Answer 46

in the midline of tentorium cerebelli

Question 47

Where do the superficial veins lie?

Answer 47

in the subarachnoid space

Question 48

What are the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 48

channels formed between the two layers of dura mater

Question 49

Where is the superior sagittal sinus found?

Answer 49

along line where the falx cerebri attaches to the interior of the cranium

Question 50

Where is the inferior sagittal sinus found?

Answer 50

free border of the falx

Question 51

What does the inferior sagittal sinus drain into?

Answer 51

straight sinus

Question 52

What drains into the confluence of the sinuses?

Answer 52

superior sagittal sinus and straight sinus

Question 53

Where is the confluence of the sinuses found?

Answer 53

internal occipital protuberance

Question 54

What does the confluence of the sinuses drain into?

Answer 54

transverse sinus

Question 55

Where sis the transverse sinus found?

Answer 55

along line of the attachment of tentorium to the occipital lobe

Question 56

What does the transverse sinus drain into?

Answer 56

sigmoid sinus

Question 57

Where are the cavernous sinuses found?

Answer 57

lateral to the body of sphenoid

Question 58

What drains in to the cavernous sinuses?

Answer 58

middle cerebral vein

Question 59

What does the cavernous sinses drain into the IJV via?

Answer 59

inferior petrosal sinus

Question 60

What does the cavernous sinus drain into the transverse sinus via?

Answer 60

superior petrosal sinus

Question 61

What does the sigmoid sinus drain into?

Answer 61

IJV

Question 62

What joins the cavernous sinuses?

Answer 62

intercavernous sinuses