What makes up the CNS
brain + spinal cord
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
What are the three primary vesicles of the neural tube at four weeks development
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
What are the five secondary vescicles of the neural tube at around 6-8 wks
Telencephalon (most anterior) Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon
What part of the neural tube forms the medulla
myelencephalon
what will the telencephalon form
the cerebral hemisphere
that forms the thalamus and hypothalamus
diencephalon
what does the mesencephalon form
the midbrain
what will form the pons and the cerebellum
the metencephalon
What makes up the brainstem
midbrain, pons, medulla
what are the principle cells of the central nervous system
neurons
glial cells
Name the four types of glial cells in the CNS
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
what is the function of neurons
‘communicators’ i.e. They receive information, chiefly via synapses, integrate the information, and then transmit electrical impulses to another neuron or effector cell
What is the difference between a dendrite and axon
Denrites - bring info to the cell body
Axons - take info out of cell body
What is the role of astrocytes
support (no connective tissue in CNS)
maintain blood brain barrier
environmental homeostasis eg electrolyte balance
what is the function of oligodenrocytes
produce myelin in CNS
what produces myelin in PNS
Schwann cells
what is the advantage or having myelinated axons
conduct much faster
what are nodes of ranvier
the gaps between the myelin sheeth
what are microglia
similar to macrophages, form in bone marrow then invade cns - immune cells
what are edendymal cells
ciliated cuboidal/columnar epithelium that lines the ventricles
what is a folium in the cerebellum
the equivalent to a gyrus in the cerebral hemisphere
what is a fissure
a deep sulcus
in the cns which kind of matter is on the outside (generally)
grey matter
whtterat is contained in grey matter
neurons, synapses, support cells etc
what is contained in white matter
axons
what is another name for the lateral fissure
sylvian
what is the corpus callosum
connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres - contains lots of axons
what makes us the lentiform nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
name the lobes of the brain
frontal parietal occipital temporal insular
name the sulcus we need to know
central lateral parieto-occipital calcarine congulate sulcus
what are the two main plexus of the enteric nervous system
myenteric
submucosal
name the meniges
dura mater
arachnoid
pia
where is csf
ventricles and subarachnoid space
what are the main blood supplies to the brain
internal carotid system
vertebra basilar system
where does the dural venous sinuses drain
the internal jugular vein
