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Flashcards in Sleep Disorders Deck (14)
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1
Q

What is narcolepsy

A

Is a sleep disorder which results in the following clinical features:
excessive daytime sleepiness
cataplexy
hypnagogic/hynopompic hallucinations
sleep paralysis
Please note that not all patients have this tetrad

2
Q

What causes narcolepsy

A

abnormalities of the brain neurotransmitter hypocretin

which regulates sleep

3
Q

What is cataplexy

A

is a sudden loss of muscle tone leading to head droop or even fallin with intact awareness- attacks are often set off my a sudden surprise or emotion

4
Q

What are hypnagogic/hynopompic hallucinations

A

dream like hallucinations which occur while falling asleep or waking from sleep

5
Q

What is used to confirm a diagnosis of narcoplepsy

A

multiple sleep latency testing demonstrating rapid transition from wakefulness to sleep and short time to onset of rem sleep

6
Q

What causes sleep paralysis

A

intrusion of rem atonia into wakefulness

7
Q

How is narcolepsy treated

A

good sleep hygiene
Medications to treat EDS
Tricyclics or SSRIs for cataplexy

8
Q

What drugs are used to treat EDS

A

modafinil

methylphenidate

9
Q

What tricyclics are used for narcolepsy

A

clomipramine

10
Q

what are the two phases of sleep

A

non REM and REM sleep

11
Q

what is associated with REM sleep

A

dreaming and physiological arousal

12
Q

What accompanies slow wave sleep (non rem)

A

increased cellular mitotic rate- repairs cells

13
Q

what conditions is slow wave sleep increased in

A

adolescence
pregnancy
thyrotoxicosis

14
Q

what are the three different types of insomnia and when do they usually occur

A

Initial (trouble getting to sleep) = mania, anxiety, depression, substance misuse
Middle( waking in middle of night)=sleep apnoe, prostatism
Late (early morning wakening)= depression, malnutrition ie anorexia