Neurology 1.1 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is myelopathy?
pathology of the spinal cord
What is Brown-Sequard Syndrome?
unique spinal cord pathology where there is:
- loss of pain, temp and light touch on opposite side of the damage
- loss of motor function, vibration, position, and deep touch sensation on the same side of the damage
What is the hallmark of encephalopathy?
impaired intellectual functioning
What are the symptoms of encephalopathy?
- interferes with normal daily activities
- loss of ability to solve problems
- may have loss of emotional control, seizures, loss of motor control, loss of vision
What are the types of encephalopathy?
1) temporary (metabolic, medication, etc.)
2) permanent (traumatic)
What is Alzheimer Disease?
from loss of smell, to lapses in judgment and subtle personality changes, to loss of ability to perform simple activities of daily living, to bed dependent. A Progressive Encephalopathy.
What is Huntington Disease?
- progressive autosomal dominant disease;
- Encephalopathy manifested by personality changes, movement disorder, gait disturbance, to bedridden and death approximately 15 years after symptoms manifested (begin age 30-40).
What is Rett Syndrome?
- a genetic disorder almost exclusive to females; (XX vs. male XY).
- Genetic but not inherited.
- first 12-18 months ok, then progressive deterioration of memory, movements, coordination, communication, seizures.
What is the biochemistry of Rett Syndrome?
-Locus coeruleus affected;
-doesn’t produce
Norepinephrine;
-so distribution to cerebral cortex,
hippocampus, cerebellum affected;
-Results in bi hemispheric
diffuse brain dysfunction
What are the functions of the right hemisphere?
- abstractions
- creativeness
- spatial sense
What are the functions of the left hemisphere?
- lingual
- academic
- reasoning
What are the functions of the frontal lobes?
- planning
- behavioral/impulse control
- personality
- social/sexual behavior
Which lobe is primarily concerned with motor function?
posterior aspect of the frontal lobes
What are the functions of the temporal lobes?
- processing auditory info
- comprehension of meaningful speech
- memory
- visual object recognition
- long term storage of sensory input
What is the dominant side of the temporal lobes?
- usually left side
- word perception
- processing details
- memory
- auditory learning
- complex memories
- visual/auditory processing
What is the non-dominant side of the temporal lobes?
- usually right side
- perception of melodies
- facial expressions
- visual learning
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
- processing of sensory info of touch
- affects opposite side
- taste
- temp
- language processing/integration
What is apraxia?
- An inability to carry out a task despite understanding the command
- having the motor function and the will to do so
- usually involves left parietal lobe
What is the function of the occipital lobes?
-primary visual cortex
What is agnosia?
inability to process sensory information (touch, visual, auditory, movement)
What is the subcortex/subcortical?
the area of the brain below the cerebral cortex; below the cerebral hemispheres
What are structures of the subcortical structures?
- limbic system
- hippocampus
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- cerebellum
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla
What is the dorsal columns tract and where does it cross the spinal cord?
- vibration/position
- deep touch
- cross at low medulla
What is the corticospinal tract and where does it cross the spinal cord?
- motor
- cross at low medulla
