Neurology 1.2 Flashcards Preview

NMSK-B I > Neurology 1.2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Neurology 1.2 Deck (27)
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1
Q

What is encephalopathy?

A

“disease of the brain” generally in its entirety (both cerebral hemispheres). i.e., metabolic encephalopathy

2
Q

What is myelopathy?

A

“disease of the spinal cord” i.e, compressive myelopathy (tumor, disc, etc causing weakness, sensory loss, spasticity below the level of compression)

3
Q

What is radiculopathy?

A

“disease of the nerve root(s)” i.e., any process affecting a single or multiple nerve roots at cervical, thoracic or lumbar or sacral level

4
Q

What is neuropathy?

A

Neuropathy: “disease of a nerve” (one is mononeuropathy or neuropathy, several individual is mononeuropathy multiplex, and many/diffuse is polyneuropathy peripheral nerves. Dysfunction of a single cranial nerve = cranial mononeuropathy)

5
Q

What is myopathy?

A

“primary disease of muscle”

6
Q

What does the suffix -itis imply when describing dysfunction?

A

inflammation proces affecting a region of the nervous system

7
Q

What is meningitis?

A

inflammation of the membranes covering brain and spinal cord; not always infectious cause.

8
Q

What is an embolus?

A

any detached, traveling intravascular mass carried by circulation

9
Q

What is delirium?

A

generally a temporary disorder of mental faculties often characterized by restlessness, delusions, agitation or withdrawal

10
Q

What is the significance of localized delirium?

A

likely a cortical structure lesion (Where>What>How)

11
Q

What is cognition?

A

: Implies a group of mental processes that includes attention, memory, learning, reasoning, problem solving,, decision making (processing, applying knowledge and adjusting).

12
Q

Is cognition generally mono-hemispheric or bi-hemispheric?

A

bi-hemispheric

13
Q

What is paresis?

A

muscle weakness but not complete

14
Q

What is plegia?

A

complete paralysis

15
Q

What is plexopathy?

A

damage to the brachial plexus

16
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

(precentral gyrus of each frontal lobe; upper motor neurons). Pathway of axons comprising corticospinal tract.

17
Q

Which types of lesions typically cause weakness?

A

lesions at any level of upper or lower motor neuron pathway (first and second order neurons)

18
Q

Which types of lesions typically cause motor loss?

A

deep hemispheric/capsular lesions (i.e., hypertensive internal capsular infarction)

19
Q

What are the implications of lower motor neuron lesions?

A

lesion at:

  • anterior horn cell
  • motor nerve cell
  • plexus
  • peripheral nerve
  • NMJ
  • *decreased reflexes in involved limb
  • *flaccidity and atrophy if chronic
20
Q

What are the implications of thalamic lesions?

A

sensory dysfunction over contralateral body

21
Q

What are the implications of cortical lesions?

A

parathesias or hyperthesia in corresponding contralateral body areas corresponding to cortical territory involved

22
Q

What is meralgia paresthetica?

A

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve lesion (sensory)

23
Q

What is Brown-Sequard Syndrome?

A

spinal cord lesion resulting in:

  • weakness/paralysis on one side of the body
  • decreased sensation on the opposite side
  • *all below level of spinal cord lesion
24
Q

What is ataxic gait?

A

wide-based unsteady gait (looks enebriated)

25
Q

What is unilateral corticospinal tract disease?

A

hemiparetic gait (stiff, circumduction, overextended leg)

26
Q

What is bilateral corticospinal tract disease?

A
  • both legs stiff
  • spastic gait
  • sometimes w/ scissoring motion of each leg around the other
27
Q

What is Romberg Sign?

A

disorders in:

  • vision
  • proprioception
  • cerebellar/vestibular