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MRCP > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the radiological (MRI) findings in MS?

A

MRI: disseminated demyelinating lesions in two of four key areas (periventricular, juxtacortical/cortical, infratentorial and spinal cord). Dissemintion = contrast enhancing of one lesion with others non-enhancing.

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2
Q

What artery is responsible for cortical blindness

A

basilar artery (bilateral occipital lobeinfarcts)

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3
Q

What antibiotic should be added in to ceftriaxone cover in people over 60 with suspected meningitis and why

A

amoxicillin - cover listeria

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4
Q

in which disorder is accumulation of alpha synuclein seen

A

DLB

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5
Q

What do lesions in the geniculate ganglion cause?

A

facial nerve palsy and hearing loss

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6
Q

Which drug causes yellow field disturbance and what causes blue field disturbance

A

yellow - digoxin, blue - sildenafil

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7
Q

What sign is pathognomonic in corticobasal degeneratin

A

phantom limb syndrome, also apraxia eg failing in task like brushing teeth

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8
Q

What signs are often present with MSA

A

cerebellar sings also significant autonomic dysfunction

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9
Q

What nerve supplies the quadriceps

A

femoral nerve

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10
Q

Qhat is the half life of amiodarone

A

25 - 30 days

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11
Q

What muscle serves abduction for first 30 degrees shoulder movement

A

supraspinatus, then deltoid

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12
Q

What nerve is responsible for motor control of hip flexors

A

L1/L2 (also sensory to inner groin)

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13
Q

WHat would a lesion in posterior cerebral artery result in

A

visual loss

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14
Q

How does menieres disease present

A

paroxysmal vertigo, N+V, and sn deafness

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15
Q

Give examples of dominant parietal lobe dysfunction

A

language disorders, agnosia, ideomotor apraxia, right left syndrome, acalcaluia, agraphia and finger agnosia

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16
Q

What is the trigger for trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamezapine - triggered by washing face

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17
Q

What action is typically associated with exacerbation in sx of a cervical syrinx

A

coughing or laughing

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18
Q

what sensory deficit is first to disappear with syrinx

A

loss of pain and temperature sensation. spastic paraparesesis with hyperreflexia is seen in upper limbs. LMN signs in upper limbs as syrinx disrupts upper horn cells

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19
Q

which structure is damanged in hemiballism

A

subthalamic nucleus

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20
Q

what is damage t the red nucleus associated with

A

tremor

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21
Q

what nucleus is most likely damaged with ataxia

A

dentate nucleus

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22
Q

can you get horner’s syndrome in a migraine

A

yes

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23
Q

how does hsv present on MRI

A

hypodense areas in both temperal lobe. inflammatory markers often nomral

24
Q

what is the test for wilson’s disease

A

serum caeruloplasmin low, urine copper high. ATP7B gene

25
Q

what presents the greatest increase in stroke, AF with vheumatic heart disease or AF non rheumatic

A

AF rheumatic

26
Q

when is intermittent self catheterisation appropriate in MS

A

when residual volume is greater than 100mls. When residual volume is <100mls anticholinergics may be more appropriate

27
Q

are statins associated with peripheral neuropathy yes or no

A

yes

28
Q

is hungtington’s disease sex linked

A

no

29
Q

what type of aneurysm is typically associated with a 3rd nerve palsy

A

PCA aneurysm

30
Q

what is lateral meduallary syndrome

A

occurs with brainstem strokes (thromboembolic disease of PI cerebellar artery of vertebral artery is most common cause). Crossed nature of signs eg rhs face lhs body

31
Q

what is the inheritence pattern of friedrich’s ataxia

A

AR

32
Q

which crnail nerves are affected i pituitary apoplexy

A

III, IV and VI

33
Q

what nerve lesion causes weakness of the hand muscles

A

T1

34
Q

what nerve is responsible in global muscle wasting of hand

A

t1. both medial and ulnar invovlement

35
Q

what is difference between AC type 1 and 2 malformations

A

AC type 2 is present at birth with other signs spina bifida

36
Q

what is the MRI abnormality in SCDC? (b12 def)

A

increased T2 weighted lesions in posterior columns
evolving spastic paresis, peripheral neuropathy (absent ankle jerks) nd posterior column sensory loss (vibration and joint sense

37
Q

What is typical about GBS CSF

A

high protein

38
Q

in a patient who has optic neuritis does the presence of 3 white matter lesions in mRI predict onset of MS in five years

A

yes - 50% likelyhood

39
Q

What lesion would left temporal lobe lesion cause

A

right superior homonymous quadrantopia (PITS PITS)

40
Q

How do macroadenomas get treated i pituitary

A

dopamine agonist then surgery

41
Q

Artery occluded in LATERAL MEDUALLARY SYNDROME

A

Po inferior cerebellar artery or vertebral artery

42
Q

Medication for stress incontinence

A

Duloxetine

43
Q

Common complication of SAH ?

A

Hydrocephalus

44
Q

Abuse of which drug exacerbates b12 def

A

Alcohol and noz

45
Q

What b vitamin is folate

A

B9

46
Q

What pump does dioxin inhibit

A

Na k atpase pump resulting in increase in intracellular sodium
Act on phase 4 cardiac myocytes

47
Q

Difference between conus medullary and cauda equina

A

Conus medullaris sudden and bilateral with more severe radicular pain
Cauda is unilateral

48
Q

What supplies the deltoid and regimental badge sensation

A

C5

49
Q

What nerve supplies biceps and wrist extensors

A

C6

50
Q

What supplies triceps wrist flexors and finger extentensors

A

C7

51
Q

What supplies finger flexors

A

C8

52
Q

what is pathophysiology of holmes adie pupil

A

damage to parasympathetic ciliary ganglion

53
Q

antiepeleptic in JME

A

sodium valproate (males) levetiracetam (females)

54
Q

antiepeleptic for focal seizures

A

carbamezapine

55
Q
A

MRCP (14 decks)

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