Neurology Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
The peripheral nervous system is made up of (2)
A
12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of peripheral nerves
2
Q
The Periphearl nervous system is prone to injury because
A
there is no bony protection of the nerves
3
Q
What are the divisions of the peripheral nervous system
A
Autonomic nervous system and Somatic nervous system
4
Q
The voluntary division of hte nervous system takes in information of
A
Sensory and provides motor
5
Q
The autonomic nervous system is in control of
A
Smooth muscle, glands, and internal organs
6
Q
What are the Further divisions of the autonomic nervous system
A
Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric
7
Q
Where does the sympathetic nervous system begin
A
lateral grey horn of T1 through L2-L3
8
Q
The intercostobrachial nerve of T2 is a unique spinal nerve as (3)
A
It has no antihero and posterior branch split, communicates with the radial nerve, and is the nerve that provides referred cardiac pain the Left arm
9
Q
The spinal cord exits via the ___ and concludes as the
A
Exits via the foremen magnum (through L2) concluding as conus medularis
10
Q
Where does the dura sac end
A
S2
11
Q
The pia mater is made up of
A
Dentate ligaments (stabilize cord) and filum terminals (attache to coccyx)
12
Q
The grey matter is made up of
A
Non-myelinated cell bodies and components of cells
13
Q
The dorsal horn is found
A
As posterior grey column
14
Q
What type of information does the dorsal horn transmit
A
Sensory information to the CNS
15
Q
The ventral horn is found as
A
The anterior grey column
16
Q
What type of information does the ventral horn communicate
A
Motor information from CNS to skeletal muscles
17
Q
The lateral grey horn transmits what type of information
A
Autonomic information
18
Q
Where does information from the lateral grey horn come from
A
T1-L2/L3
19
Q
White matter is made up of
A
Axons (myelinated or Unmyelinated) , tracts, and myelin
20
Q
The cell bodies in white matter are called
A
ganglion
21
Q
The cell bodies in grey matter are called
A
Nuclei
22
Q
Dorsal and ventral roots come from what region
A
T1-L3
23
Q
What do ventral and dorsal roots carry
A
Preganglion sympathicis
24
Q
Dorsal Roots carry what type of information
A
Sensory (afferent) information
25
Where are the sensory fibers of dorsal roots from
Somatic afferents of skin and skeletal muscles, providing GSA information.
Visceral afferents of visceral and blood (GVA)
26
Where do the afferent branch’s of the dorsal roots branch
Branch after entering the cord
27
How can information that does not originate from the levels of T1-L2/L3 enter dorsal roots
Some branches will run up or down the cord to synapse at different levels
28
Ventral roots contain
Motor (efferent) fibers within cell bodies in the spinal cord
29
T1-L2/L3 and S2/S4 ventral roots contain 2 types of motor fibers which are
Somatic efferent (GSE) and Autonomic efferents (GVE)
30
Ventral roots outside of T1-L2/L3 and S2-S4 contain ONLY
Somatic efferents
31
The meninges branch is found
Near the ventral and dorsal ramifications before rami communicates
32
The rami communicantes are
Communication between spinal nerves and the sympathetic trunk
33
At what structures does the Meningeal branch re enter the IVF (5)
Z-joints, annulus fibrosis, ligaments of spinal cord, meninges, vessels of cord
34
Dorsal rami provide information of the
Intrinsic muscles and skin of back
35
Ventral rami provide information of the
Plexus and autonomics
36
The ramifications communicantes of ventral ramus are made up of
White and grey rami
37
White rami are attached only to
Spinal nerves of T1-L2/L3
38
What do white rami transmit
Outgoing sympathetic preganglionic fibers to autonomic ganglia and incoming visceral afferents
39
Grey rami are attached to
All spinal nerves
40
Grey rami contain
Incoming sympathetic postganglionic fibers which supply body wall
41
Dorsal and ventral roots combine to form what structure
Spinal nerve
42
The spinal nerve carries (3)
Sensory fibers, motor fibers, and ANS fibers
43
The autonomic nervous pathway is a two nerve pathway made up of
Preganglionic (presynpatic) fibers (CNS) and Postganglionic (postsynaptic) fibers (PNS)
44
the cervical outflow of ANS (Crainal nerve 3,7,9,10) are
Parasympathetic fibers
45
The thoraci outflow from T1-L2/L3 carry
Sympathetic fibers
46
The sacral outflow of ANS (S2-S4) contains
Parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers
47
Preganglionic neurons of the parasympathic division leave the CNS as
Cranial nerves or as part of ventral roots from sacral spinal nerves
48
How are parasympathetic ganglia spaced
Not regularly spaced
49
Preganglionic neurons release
Acetylcholine (cholinergic)
50
Postganglionic neurons secrete
Acetylcholine (cholinergic)
51
Terminal ganglia tend to be close to
The effected organ
52
In the gut terminal ganglia are termed
Myenteric plexus
53
Myenteric plexus provides motor innervation to
Both layers of muscle in the GI tract
54
The motor innervation of the GI tract is from what fibers
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
55
Where does the Myenteric plexus arise from
Cranial nerve 10 (vagus)
56
Submucous plexus carries only
Parasympathetic
57
Submucous plexus controls
Glandular secretion
58
Parasympathic information form cranial outflow and Sacral outflow is responsible for
Innervation of one tissue type only
59
Parasympathic fibers of the head come form
Preganglionic of cranial nerves 3,7,9
60
The parasympathic fibers of thoraci and abdominal viscera also includes the
Colon to junction of right 2/3 and left 1/3 of transverse colon
61
Where do the parasympathic preganglioncs come from in the throaic and abdominal viscera
Cranial nerve 10
62
Where do preganglionics of pelvic visceral come from
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)
63
Most postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division are described as adrenergic except (3)
Postganglionic is that innervate sweat glands (cholergic)
Preganglionic fibers to adrenal medulla
Preganglionics to kidneys
64
Where are sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies found
Lateral grey column
65
Sympathetic ganglia are found in the 2
Sympathetic trunk and collateral ganglia
66
The sympathetic trunk takes in information via
In via white rami communicantes and out via grey rami communicantes
67
Collateral ganglia are found around
The base of great vessels of the abdomen
68
there are how many pairs in the sympathetic trunk
22 pairs
69
What are the 3 cervical sympathetic trunk ganglia
Superior cervical ganglia, middle cervical ganglia, inferior cervical ganglia
70
The 11/12 thoracic sympathetic ganglia are teh
Thoracic splancnics (cardiopulmonary, greater, lesser, legal salt
71
The 4 lumbar sympathics give rise to
Lumbar splanchnics
72
The first 2 lumbar splanchnics have
White rami
73
How many sacral splanchnics are there
Usually 5
74
Preganglionic cells exit via
Ventral roots
75
Describe the exit of preganglionic cells
Mixed spinal nerve, white rami communicantes, sympathetic chanin ganglion, multiple options
76
What are the 4 options for preganglionic cells once they leave ventral roots
Synapse immediately, descend, ascend, pass through
77
When preganglionic cells synapse immediately what happens
they recenter the spinal nerve via grey rami communicantes
78
Where do preganglionic cells that synapse immediately head towards
Body wall and extremities
79
When preganglionic cells deserve what happens
They synapse in a ganglion at a lower lever, useful below L2/L3
80
When preganglionic cells ascend what occurs
They synapse in a ganglion at a higher level, useful above T1
81
When preganglionic cells pass through what happens
Pass through the trunk to course as the splanchnics nerves
82
The original fiber of white rami communicates is termed as
Preganglionic as it has not reached its ganglion of synapse
83
the preganglionic fiber of white rami communicates pathway is
Emerges from spinal cord with anterior spinal root fibers, continues as a mixed spinal nerve, and leaves spinal nerve or joins a sympathetic ganglia
84
Why are white rami communicates white
Have a white color due to myelin
85
These ramifications communicates are relatively short after they leave the spinal nerve
White rami communicantes as they quickly reach the sympathetic trunk
86
Which spinal nerves are white rami communicates present
Spinal Nerves T1-L2/L3
87
Sympatheic preganglions will go to
The head, thoracic viscera, abdominal and pelvic viscera, and body wall/extremieties
88
Sympathetic preganglioncs synapse mainly in the
Superior cervical ganglion
89
Sympathetic preganglions of the thoracic viper a synpase in the _____ (4) parts of the sympathetic trunk
Superior, middle, inferior cervical ganglia and upper4-5 ganglia of thoracic
90
Sympathetic preganglion of a domain and pelvic viscera synapse in the (3)
Celiac, superior, or inferior messengers collateral ganglia
91
Sympathetic preganglionics synapse in the
Sympathetic trunk
92
Post synaptic sympathetic fibers are
Much more numerous than presynpatic sympathic fibers
93
Post synaptic sympathetic fibers if destined for the neck body wall and limbs pass from _____ to ____
Paravertebral ganglia to adjacent anterior rami of Spinal nerves via gray rami communicantes
94
Post synaptic sympathetic fibers stimulate (3)
Contraction of blood vessels, contraction of arrector muscles, and cause sweating
95
Splanchnics nerves convey
Visceral efferent and afferent fibers to and from the visceral of body
96
If post synaptic sympathetic fibers are destined for the thoracic cavity they pass through
Cardiopulmonary splanchnics nerves to enter cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal plexus
97
Presynpatic sympathic fibers involved in innervation of viscera of the abdominopelvic cavity are used to
Slow the function of GI
98
Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers are components of
Virtually all branches of spinal nerves
99
The Splanchnics nerves are made up of 6 groups which are
Cervical, Cardiopulmonary, thoracic splanchnic, lumbar, sacral, and pelvic
100
In general the sympathetic is
Catabolic, allowing the body to deal with stress
101
In general the parasympathetic system is a
Anabolic system, promoting rest and digest processes of body
