Neurology Flashcards
Neurology
Stroke on dominant side
Normally left side Speech impairments / aphasia: - Broca's - Wernicke's - Global Aphasia
Neurology
Stroke on non-dominant side
Normally right side Perceptual defects: - Hemispatial neglect - Anosognosia - Apraxia - Spatial disorganisation
Neurology
Anosognosia
Deficit of self-awareness of one’s disability
Neurology
Coma causes
Vascular - stroke, SAH, HTN
Infective - sepsis, meningitis, abscess, encpehalitis
Neurological - injury, tumour, syncope, seizure
Metabolic - Wernicke’s, electrolyte, endocrine
Environmental - hypothermia, hyperthermia, burns
Toxic CO, substance, overdose
Mimicking disorders - locked-in state
Neurology
Drug related Delirium
Benzodiazepines - incl withdrawal TCAs NSAIDs Lithium Steroids Drugs - cocaine, amphetamine
Neurology
Delirium Causes
Infection Drug-related Alcohol-related - Wernicke's Metabolic -hyper/oglycaemia, CHF, hypothermia Neurological - Injury, ICH, seizure
Neurology
Confusion Screen
Metabolic - BGL, UEC (Na, urea, creatinine), INR, TFT (T4), ABG, Ca
Septic test - MSU M/C/S, CXR, CRP, ESR
Structural - CT
Targeted - LP, EEG
Neurology
Delirium Treatment
Lorazepam
Haloperidol
Neurology
Epilepsy Types
Generalised - Tonic Clonic - Petit Mal - Myoclonic Partial
Neurology
Epilepsy Treatment
- Tonic Clonic
- Petit Mal
- Myoclonic Seizure
- Partial Seizure
Tonic Clonic - Valproate or lamotrigine Petit Mal - Ethosuximide or Valproate Myoclonic Seizure - Valproate Partial Seizure - Carbamazepine
Neurology
Anti-convusants
- Partial Seizure
- Generalised Seizure
- Absence Seizure
Partial Seizure - Carbamazepine Generalised Seizure - Carbamazepine or Valproate Absence Seizure - Ethosuximide
Neurology
Mild Migraine or Tension Headache Management
NSAIDs (ibuprofen & aspirin)
Paracetamol
Neurology
Severe Migraine Management
Triptans
OR
Ergotamine
Neurology
Migraine Prophylaxis
Beta blockers (propanolol)
TCA (amitriptyline)
Other: NSAIDs, Valproate, Verapamil, Antihistamine
Neurology
Tension Headache Prophylaxis
TCA
Neurology
Immediate Stroke Management
Non-contrast CT
Alteplase if:
- ischaemic
- 18y.o.
Neurology
Stroke Thrombolytic Contraindications
HTN - SBP 185+, DBP 110+ SAH Septic emboli INR > 1.5 Platelets < 100
Neurology
Longterm Stroke Management
Aspirin OR Clopidogrel AF - Warfarin (target INR 2-3) Manage HTN Statin Carotid endarterectomy
Neurology
Common TIA cause
Emboli from internal carotid
Rx:
- Aspirin po
Neurology
SAH Management
Nimodipine
Angiography for aneurysm clip
Neurology
Subdural Haemorrhage Cause
Brain shrinkage
Neurology
Extradural Haemorrhage Cause
Trauma in pterion
- Middle meningeal artery
Contre-Coup
Neurology
Extradural Haemorrhage Signs
Decreased Consciousness
Ipsilateral pupil dilation - CNIII compression
Convex on CT
Neurology
UMN lesion signs
Increase tone
Increase reflexes
Clonus
Plantar reflex +ve / up
