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Neurology Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

Most common example of mononeuropathy?

A

Carpal Tunnel Syndrom­­­e

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2
Q

Condition that can cause Carpal Tunnel Syndrome due to excess swelling in wrist?

A

Pregnancy, Hypothyroidism

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3
Q

Condition that can cause Carpal Tunnel Syndrome due to abnormal growth of carpal bones?

A

Acromegaly

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4
Q

Condition that can cause Carpal Tunnel Syndrome due to deposition of b2 microglobulin?

A

Hemodialysis

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5
Q

Which clinical presentation can help differentiate L5 radiculopathy from common fibular nerve radiculopathy?

A

Common fibular nerve = loss of foot eversion; L5 = loss of foot eversion + inversion

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6
Q

Compression of which structure leads to meralgia paresthetica?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve … as it passes under the inguinal ligament

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7
Q

Clinical presentation of meralgia paresthetica?

A

Burning + numbness over lateral thigh

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8
Q

42 yo female presents with 6-week Hx of fever, cough, arthralgias; Reports R-sided facial droop on R; CXR shows nodular opacities in hilar regions – diagnosis?

A

Neurosarcoidosis

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9
Q

Which CN is most affected in Neurosarcoidosis?

A

CN 7

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10
Q

Which CN is most affected in Guillain Barre?

A

CN 6-7

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11
Q

Which CN is most affected in Diphtheria?

A

CN 9

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12
Q

Which CN is most affected in DM?

A

CN 3-4-6

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13
Q

Appearance of CXR and C-Spine XR in setting of Thoracic Outlet Obstruction?

A

Cervical rib

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14
Q

Appearance of next CT in setting of Thoracic Outlet Obstruction?

A

Scalene muscle hypertrophy

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15
Q

4 examples of mononeuropathy multiplex (2+ nerves affected)?

A

DM, RA vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosum, Lyme disease

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16
Q

Clinical presentation of mononeuropathy multiplex in Lyme disease?

A

New-onset foot drop

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17
Q

Example of condition that results from polyneuropathy?

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth

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18
Q

Clinical presentation of Charcot-Marie-Tooth?

A

High arch, hammer toes

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19
Q

Inheritance pattern of Charcot-Marie-Tooth?

A

AD

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20
Q

Treatment of choice for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A

Plasma exchange; IVIG

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21
Q

Clinical presentation of Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A

Ascending weakness

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22
Q

2 conditions that contraindicate IVIG treatment for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A

CHF, Renal failure

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23
Q

Condition that is a variant of Guillain-Barre Syndrome, but involves descending paralysis … (instead of ascending paralysis)?

A

Miller-Fischer Syndrome

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24
Q

Which 2 functions are preserved in ALS (…but not in MS)?

A

Ocular movements, Bladder/bowel function

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25
Pattern of muscle weakness in Myasthenia gravis?
Weakness worse with repetition
26
Pattern of muscle weakness in Lambert-Eaton Syndrome?
Weakness better with repetition
27
DOC for Myasthenia gravis?
Physostigmine
28
Diagnostic test for Myasthenia gravis?
Tensilon test
29
Diagnostic test for Parkinson’s Disease?
Clinical
30
Initial therapy for Parkinson’s Disease?
Selective dopamine agonists
31
Value of Selective dopamine agonists as Initial therapy for Parkinson’s Disease?
Neuroprotective
32
Most effective therapy for Parkinson’s Disease?
Levodopa
33
Why is treatment with levodopa avoided during early stages of Parkinson’s Disease?
Wears off over time
34
Patient presents with bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, retropulsion, vertical gaze palsy – diagnosis?
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
35
4 aspects of clinical presentation for Multiple System Atrophy?
Parkinson features, cerebellar dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension, urinary incontinence
36
Best treatment for orthostatic hypotension in Multiple System Atrophy?
Fludrocorticol … (mineralocorticoid)
37
4 most common origin locations for brain metastasis?
Lung, Breast, Skin, GI
38
Condition associated with multiple meningiomas?
NF-2
39
Why are meningiomas more common females?
Tumor cells have estrogen receptors
40
Cell of origin for meningiomas?
Arachnoid cells
41
Most common malignant brain tumor in children?
Medulloblastoma
42
Cell of origin for medulloblastoma?
Granular cell layer of cerebellum
43
Most common location of Medulloblastoma?
Cerebellum; 4th ventricle
44
Most common location of ependymoma in children?
4th ventricle
45
Most common location of ependymoma in adults?
Spinal cord
46
2 CSF findings associated with MS?
High IgG:Albumin ratio, Oligoclonal banding
47
Location of lesion in MS that causes internuclear ophthalmoplegia?
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
48
Medial longitudinal fasciculus connects which 2 cranial nerves?
CN 3, CN 6
49
What ocular movement in intact in internuclear ophthalmoplegia?
Convergence
50
Clinical presentation of internuclear ophthalmoplegia?
Impaired adduction of affected eye
51
Best treatment for acute MS exacerbation (including optic neuritis)?
IV corticosteroids
52
Disease-modifying treatment for MS?
IFN-b
53
Untreatable cause of dementia?
Huntington disease
54
DOC for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus?
Acetazolamide … decreases CSF production
55
What is the most significant risk factor for developing delirium during hospitalization?
HX of Dementia
56
Appearance of head CT in frontotemporal dementia?
***
57
MSK symptom seen in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?
Myoclonic jerks
58
Appearance of EEG in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?
Triphasic sharp waves
59
CSF analysis in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease reveals …
14-3-3 protein
60
In addition to Neisseria, what is another pathogen with structure Gram (-) cocci?
Moraxella
61
Clinical significance of Moraxella?
COPD exacerbation
62
ABX of choice for Moraxella?
Augmentin
63
Which type of Neisseria is fatal?
Type B
64
Group of patients that are especially susceptible to N. meningitidis infection?
Complement deficiency C5-C9
65
Most appropriate initial ABX treatment for acute N. meningitidis infection in children + adults?
Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin
66
‘Most appropriate initial ABX treatment for acute N. meningitidis infection in elderly + neonates?
Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin + Ampicillin
67
Role of ampicillin in treatment of acute N. meningitidis infection in elderly + neonates?
Suspected Listeria infection
68
DOC for adults + children with acute N. meningitidis infection and HX of vancomycin allergy?
Ceftriaxone + Rifampin
69
Pathogen responsible for meningitis in patient with AIDS, Hodgkin lymphoma, ALL?
Cryptococcus
70
Best treatment for urethritis in sexually-active male?
IM ceftriaxone + 7-day course of doxycycline
71
Which other test should be performed for urethritis in sexually-active male?
VDRL
72
DOC for treatment of N. gonorrhea infection in pregnant female?
Ceftriaxone + Erythromycin
73
Most common cause of mucopurulent cervicitis?
Chlamydia trachomatis
74
2 aspects of clinical presentation for disseminated gonococcal infection?
Tendonitis, Septic arthritis, Rash
75
Best treatment for disseminated gonococcal infection?
1g IM ceftriaxone for 7 days
76
Why does Mycoplasma not Gram stain?
No cell wall
77
Why does Chlamydia not Gram stain?
Cell wall does not contain peptidoglycan
78
Clinical presentation of Chlamydia serotype A-C?
Trachoma
79
Clinical presentation of Chlamydia serotype D-K?
Urethritis, PID, Conjunctivitis
80
Clinical presentation of Chlamydia serotype L1-L3?
Lymphogranuloma venereum
81
Clinical presentation of Lymphogranuloma venereum?
Painless genital ulcers … Suppurative LNs
82
Best treatment for Lymphogranuloma venereum?
Doxycycline
83
Best treatment for Lymphogranuloma venereum in pregnant females?
Erythromycin
84
Clinical presentation of Chlamydia psittaci infection?
Atypical PNA
85
DOC for treatment of Chlamydia psittaci?
Doxycycline
86
3 indications for treating HTN in setting of CVA?
Systolic BP > 220, Diastolic BP > 110, Planning to give TPA
87
DOC for treating HTN in setting of CVA?
Labetalol
88
Timeframe of head trauma, prior CVA, acute MI that contraindicates thrombolytic therapy?
3 months
89
Timeframe of GI bleed, hematuria that contraindicates thrombolytic therapy?
3 weeks
90
Timeframe of major surgery that contraindicates thrombolytic therapy?
2 weeks
91
Target INR before beginning warfarin in thrombolytic therapy?
1.7
92
MRI shows cerebellar ischemic CVA with edematous infarct tissue – what is next step in management?
Neurosurgery consult
93
What is the anti-platelet of choice for reduction of CVA-related mortality?
ASA
94
DOC to add to ASA for secondary CVA prevention?
Dipyridamole
95
DOC for patient with ischemic CVA due to A-Fib?
Warfarin
96
2 risk factors for development of seizure?
Meningitis, Encephalitis
97
Which anti-seizure medication may cause folate deficiency, leading to megaloblastic anemia?
Phenytoin
98
Which condition contraindicates use of Phenytoin?
Pregnancy … may cause NTD
99
2 AE of carbamazepine?
Aplastic anemia, Leukopenia
100
9 CYP450 inducers?
Most Chronic Alcoholics Steal Phen Phen + Never Refuse Greasy Carbs … Modafinil, Chronic ETOH, St. John’s wort, Phenytoin, Phenobarbitol, Nevirapine, Rifampin, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine
101
Difference between common and classic migraine?
Common = no aura; Classic = aura
102
2 options for abortive treatment of migraine?
NSAIDs, Triptans
103
4 options for preventative treatment of migraine?
Valproate, CCBs, B blockers, TCAs
104
Best acute treatment for cluster HA?
O2
105
Best prophylaxis for cluster HA?
Verapamil
106
DOC for treatment of tension HA?
NSAIDs
107
Inflammation of which vessel is responsible for blindness in temporal arteritis?
Ophthalmic artery
108
2 aspects of treatment for Pseudotumor Cerebri?
Weight loss, Acetazolamide
109
Which symptom favors myopathy, not neuropathy?
Proximal weakness

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