Pediatrics Flashcards
(249 cards)
1
Q
Timing of Neisseria conjunctivitis?
A
Days 1-5
2
Q
Best treatment for Neisseria conjunctivitis?
A
IM ceftriaxone, Topical erythromycin
3
Q
Description of discharge in Neisseria conjunctivitis?
A
Purulent
4
Q
Timing of Chlamydia conjunctivitis?
A
2 Weeks
5
Q
Best treatment for Chlamydia conjunctivitis?
A
IM ceftriaxone,
6
Q
Description of discharge in Chlamydia conjunctivitis?
A
Systemic erythromycin
7
Q
Timing of Chemical conjunctivitis?
A
Day 1
8
Q
Best treatment for Chemical conjunctivitis?
A
Irrigation + reassurance
9
Q
How long are children with strep pharyngitis considered to be contagious?
A
2 days after starting ABX
10
Q
Deviation of uvula in setting of peritonsillar abscess?
A
Towards unaffected side
11
Q
Best IV ABX for peritonsillar abscess?
A
Clindamycin
12
Q
Best IV ABX for epiglottitis?
A
Ceftriaxone
13
Q
Complication of RSV?
A
Increased risk of asthma
14
Q
Best treatment for RSV?
A
Symptomatic
15
Q
Best treatment for RSV in immunocompromised patients?
A
Ribavirin
16
Q
Best treatment for pertussis infection?
A
Erythromycin, 14 days
17
Q
2 best tests for diagnosis of pertussis infection?
A
Nasopharyngeal swabs on Bordet agar; PCR testing
18
Q
Difference between DPT and TDaP vaccines?
A
DPT = contains whole killed pertussis cells; TDaP = contains acellular pertussis
19
Q
2 most common viral pathogens responsible for otitis media?
A
Influenza A, Parainfluenza
20
Q
Clinical presentation of Mastoiditis?
A
Tenderness, erythema, edema of retroauricular region
21
Q
DOC for treatment of otitis media?
A
Amoxicillin for 10 days
22
Q
DOC for treatment of otitis media that does not improve with 3-4 day course of amoxicillin?
A
Amoxicillin-clavulanate
23
Q
4 yo male presents with honey crusted perioral lesions – best ABX?
A
Dicloxacillin
24
Q
When is chickenpox contagious?
A
2 days before onset of rash … Until crusting of all lesions
25
Post-exposure prophylaxis for varicella?
Varicella Zoster Ig (VZIG)
26
3 steps in spread of measles infection?
Upper respiratory tract \>\> Reticuloendothelial cells in LN \>\> Blood
27
Oral manifestation of measles?
Koplik spots
28
Treatment that improves the morbidity + mortality of measles?
Vitamin A
29
Where does Rubella virus multiply?
Nasopharynx
30
What type of vaccine is MMR?
Live attenuated … contraindicated in pregnancy
31
Classic tetrad seen in Congenital Rubella?
Sensorineural deafness, Congenital cataracts, Blueberry muffin rash, PDA
32
Why is retinoblastoma so dangerous?
Early metastasis to liver, brain, bones
33
Which virus is associated with postauricular LAD?
Rubella
34
Name of rash associated with Parvovirus B19 infection?
Erythema infectiosum
35
Structure of Parvovirus B19?
ssDNA
36
Virus associated with Roseola?
HHV-6
37
Name of rash associated with HHV-6 infection?
Exanthem subitum
38
Description of rash in Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis?
Pus-filled blisters that are not surrounded by erythema … rupture, then leave behind pigmented macules
39
Epidemiology of Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis?
AA, Full-term
40
Clinical manifestation of Coxsackie A infection?
Hand-Foot-Mouth syndrome, Conjunctivitis
41
Clinical manifestation of Coxsackie B infection?
Myocarditis
42
Pathognomonic finding within infected neurons in Rabies infection?
Negri bodies
43
Best treatment after animal bite from animal with suspected rabies infection?
Human Rabies Ig + Vaccination
44
Cave explorer was attacked by bat; Died in a week – diagnosis?
Rabies
45
Cave explorer was attacked by bat; Few weeks later presents with hepatosplenomegaly, erythema nodosum, lung lesions – diagnosis?
Histoplasmosis
46
Is deafness or blindness associated with congenital toxoplasmosis?
Blindness
47
Best treatment for toxoplasmosis?
Pyramidine + sulfadiazine
48
Age of pincer grip?
9 mo
49
Age of pull to stand?
9 mo
50
Age of non-specific Mama + Dada?
9 mo
51
Age of lifting head?
2 mo
52
Age of coo?
2 mo
53
Age of social smile?
2 mo
54
Age of rolling?
4-5 mo
55
Age of sitting alone?
6 mo
56
Age of stranger anxiety beginning?
6 mo
57
Age of walking?
12 mo
58
Age of 2-cube tower?
12 mo
59
Age of climbing stairs, no alternation of feet?
2 yo
60
Age of imitating others?
2 yo
61
Age of babbling?
6 mo
62
Age of rolling from back to front?
6 mo
63
Age of climbing stairs, alternation of feet?
3 yo
64
Age of specific Mama + Dada?
12 mo
65
Age of 4-6 word vocab?
15 mo
66
Age of 4-20 word vocab?
18 mo
67
Age of 2-word phrases?
2 yo
68
Age of 6-cube tower?
2 yo
69
Age of 3-word phrases?
3 yo
70
Age of copying circle?
3 yo
71
Age of brushing teeth?
3 yo
72
Age of washing hands?
3 yo
73
Age of eating with fork + spoon?
3 yo
74
Age of copying cross?
4 yo
75
Age of hopping?
4 yo
76
Age of counting to 10?
4 yo
77
Age of cooperative play?
4 yo
78
When is medication indicated for nocturnal enuresis?
After 5 yo
79
Most effective treatment for nocturnal enuresis?
Bet-wetting alarms
80
2 DOC for nocturnal enuresis?
DDAVP, Imipramine
81
5 steps of tooth eruption?
Central incisors, lateral incisors, first molars, canines, second molars
82
In females, puberty begins with …
Breast budding
83
Immediate puberty step before menarche?
Axillary hair
84
In females, puberty ends with …
Menarche
85
In males, puberty begins with …
Testes enlargement
86
In males, puberty ends with …
Body growth
87
Etiology of vaginal bleeding?
Transplacental transfer of estrogen to fetus
88
Etiology of testicular feminization?
Lack androgen receptors … inability of DHT to act
89
Genotype of testicular feminization?
46 XY
90
Etiology of feminization of penis + scrotum?
5a-reductase deficiency … Decreased DHT
91
Genotype of feminization of penis + scrotum?
46 XY
92
Structures that are driven into development by DHT?
External sexual organs, prostate, epididymis, seminal vesicles, vas deferens
93
Significance of 1-minute APGAR score?
Condition during labor/delivery … need to resuscitation
94
Significance of 5-minute APGAR score?
Effectiveness of resuscitation efforts, Survival prognosis
95
Best treatment for APGAR score 4-7?
Observation … may need respiratory support
96
Low-dose steroid?
\< 10 mg/day
97
Medium-dose steroid?
10-20 mg/day
98
High-dose steroid?
\> 20 mg/day
99
Best location of vaccine placement for children/infants?
Anterolateral thigh
100
Best location of vaccine placement for children/infants?
Deltoid
101
When do infants double their birth weight?
4-5 months
102
Best treatment for children with galactosemia?
Diet that avoids lactose
103
Safest position for baby’s to sleep?
Supine
104
Most likely complication during first 24 hours for patients who are small for gestational age?
Hypoglycemia
105
When should children begin eating baby foods?
6 mo
106
Most common cause of PNA in children ages 2-5 yo?
RSV \>\> Strep pneumoniae \>\> Haemophilus influenzae
107
Best treatment for RSV bronchiolitis?
Supportive care
108
Who should receive DTAP vaccine?
Children \< 7 yo
109
Who should receive TDAP vaccine?
Children \> 11 yo
110
Best treatment for suspected Transposition of Great Vessels?
Prostaglandin E1
111
Role of PGE1 as treatment for Transposition of Great Vessels?
Maintains patent ductus arteriosus
112
Clinical presentation of Transposition of Great Vessels?
Development of cyanosis during first few days of life
113
Cobblestoning of oropharynx in patient with nasal discharge is suggestive of …
Allergic rhinitis
114
Name the Tanner Stage – growth of nipple + areola without separation in contours; Pubic hair is coarse but sparse?
Tanner Stage 3
115
Name the Tanner Stage – nipple + areola form a separate mound; Pubic hair is similar in adult appearance, without spread to thighs?
Tanner Stage 4
116
Inheritance pattern of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome?
X-linked recessive
117
Change to Ig levels in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome?
Low IgM, High IgA, NML IgE
118
Change to Ig levels in Ataxia Telangiectasia?
Low IgE + IgA
119
2 types of CA associated with Ataxia Telangiectasia?
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Gastric CA
120
Inheritance pattern of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome?
AR
121
Which pathogens are patients with Chediak-Higashi Syndrome more susceptible to?
Staph + Strep
122
At what age can patients be diagnosed with Cystic Fibrosis?
Age \> 15 yo
123
\_\_\_ refers to premature fusion/ossification of skull stutures … leading to abnormal pattern of skull growth
Craniosynostoses
124
Most common congenital heart disease in all patients?
VSD
125
Most common cause of primary amenorrhea?
Turners Syndrome
126
Best management of atrophic ovaries in Turner Syndrome?
Bilateral oophorectomy
127
Most common heart defect seen in Turner Syndrome?
Bicuspid aorta
128
2nd most common heart defect seen in Turner Syndrome?
Aortic coarctation
129
Fabry’s disease results in accumulation of …
Trihexosyl ceramide
130
4 most common organs affected by Fabry’s disease?
Heart, skin, CNS, kidneys
131
Hunter Syndrome results in accumulation of …
Mucopolysaccharide
132
Is corneal clouding more common in Hunter Syndrome or Hurler Syndrome?
Hurler
133
Inheritance pattern of Hunter Syndrome?
AR
134
Inheritance pattern of Hurler Syndrome?
AR
135
Gaucher Disease results in accumulation of …
Glucocerebroside
136
3 aspects of clinical presentation for Gaucher Disease?
Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, aspectic necrosis
137
Classic cell seen in Gaucher Disease?
Tissue paper macrophages … lipid-filled
138
Niemann-Pick Disease results in accumulation of …
Sphingomyelin
139
Classic cell seen in Niemann-Pick Disease?
Foam cells
140
Clinical presentation of Niemann-Pick Disease – Type A?
CNS disturbance, Life span ~ 3 yo
141
Clinical presentation of Niemann-Pick Disease – Type B?
Progressive pulmonary disease
142
Inheritance pattern of Niemann-Pick Disease?
AR
143
Inheritance pattern of all glycogen storage diseases?
AR
144
Type I glycogen storage disease?
Von Gierke Disease
145
2 lab changes in Von Gierke Disease?
Lactic acidosis, Hyperuricemia
146
Von Gierke Disease results from accumulation of glycogen in …
Liver
147
Type II glycogen storage disease?
Pompe Disease
148
Pompe Disease results from accumulation of glycogen in …
Lysosomes
149
Clinical presentation of Pompe Disease?
Cardiomyopathy
150
Type III glycogen storage disease?
Cori Disease
151
Etiology of Cori Disease?
Incomplete breakdown of glycogen
152
Clinical presentation for Cori Disease?
Myopathy
153
3 lab changes seen in Cori Disease?
Hypoglycemia, NML lactate, hyperlipidemia
154
Type V glycogen storage disease?
McArdle Disease
155
McArdle Disease results from accumulation of glycogen in …
Muscle
156
Complication of McArdle Disease?
Renal failure
157
What accounts for risk of renal failure in McArdle Disease?
Myoglobinuria … muscle cramps, high CPK
158
21a hydroxylase deficiency – hypertension OR hypotension?
Hypotension
159
11a hydroxylase deficiency – hypertension OR hypotension?
HTN
160
17a hydroxylase deficiency – hypertension OR hypotension?
HTN
161
21a hydroxylase deficiency – electrolyte changes?
Hyponatremia, Hyperkalemia
162
11a hydroxylase deficiency – electrolyte changes?
Hypernatremia, Hypokalemia
163
17a hydroxylase deficiency – electrolyte changes?
Hypernatremia, Hypokalemia
164
Location of brachial cleft cysts in relation to SCM?
Anterior
165
Location of cystic hygroma in relation to SCM?
Posterior
166
\_\_\_ refers to rapidly-progressing swelling of submandibular space with cellulits
Ludwig angina
167
Most common etiology of Ludwig angina?
Dental disease
168
\_\_\_ refers to physically NML eye in which visual stimulation fails to transmit via optic nerve
Amblyopia
169
Best treatment for Amblyopia?
Patch good eye … to enforce use of amblyotic eye
170
\_\_\_ refers to genetic disorder that presents with night blindness, then tunnel vision
Retinitis pigmentosa
171
Which direction of heart shunting results in cyanosis?
R-to-L
172
Next step of workup for retinal hemorrhages … (after alerting social services)
CT scan to look for SAH
173
Which nerve roots are responsible for Klumpke’s Palsy?
C8/T1
174
Which aspect of clinical presentation can distinguish Erb’s Palsy from Klumpke’s Palsy?
Erb = intact grip strength; Klumpke = weak grip strength
175
\_\_\_ fracture refers to bending of periosteum without fracture
Buckle
176
\_\_\_ fracture refers to bending of periosteum with contralateral bone fracture
Greenstick
177
Type I Salter Harris fracture?
Through growth plate
178
Type II Salter Harris fracture?
Through growth plate + metaphysis
179
Type III Salter Harris fracture?
Through growth plate + epiphysis
180
Type IV Salter Harris fracture?
Through growth plate + epiphysis + metaphysis
181
Type V Salter Harris fracture?
Compression of growth plate
182
Lab change associated with osteosarcoma?
Elevated alkaline phosphatase
183
Most common cause of diarrhea in children ages 6 mo – 2 yo?
Rotavirus
184
Most common cause of pediatric pancreatitis?
Blunt abdominal trauma
185
Main aspect of clinical presentation for Riboflavin deficiency?
Cheilosis
186
Pulmonary immaturity occurs before gestational age …
26 weeks
187
Most common cause of death in children \< 15 yo?
MVC
188
NML hydration during first 24 hours of life?
1 wet diaper
189
Only vaccination given to neonates (0-1 mo)?
Hepatitis B
190
Vaccines given at 2 months?
Haemophilus, Polio, DTAP, Pneumococcal
191
Vaccines given at 4 months?
Haemophilus, Polio, DTAP, Pneumococcal
192
Vaccines given at 6 months?
Haemophilus, Polio, DTAP, Pneumococcal
193
When should birth weight double?
3 months
194
Most common timeframe for risk of SIDS?
2-4 months
195
Contraindication for circumcision?
Hypospadias
196
5 contraindications for breastfeeding?
HIV, active TB, HSV lesion on breast, illicit drug use, XRT + CXTX
197
\_\_\_ refers to benign condition in which skin turns blue with mottled appearance when neonate is exposed to cold; Skin returns to NML with warming
Cutis marmorata
198
\_\_\_ refers to cutaneous vascular disorder that is present at birth, skin turns blue with mottled appearance when neonate is exposed to cold; Skin does not return to NML after warming
Cutis marmorata telangiectatica
199
Next step in management of suspected tracheoesophageal fistula?
Surgical repair
200
Condition associated with tracheoesophageal fistula?
Down Syndrome
201
Complication of surgical repair of tracheoesophageal fistula?
Thoracic duct injury … chylothorax
202
Condition associated with Congenital Pyloric Stenosis?
Turner Syndrome
203
Diagnostic tool for Congenital Pyloric Stenosis?
Abdominal US
204
Change to amniotic fluid in Congenital Pyloric Stenosis?
Polyhydramnios
205
Condition associated with Duodenal Atresia?
Down Syndrome
206
Is Meckel Diverticulum a true or false diverticulum?
True
207
Appearance of Hirschsprung Disease on abdominal XR?
Dilated sigmoid colon, with narrowing of bowel distally
208
Appearance of donor in Twin-to-Twin transfusion?
Stick to amniotic sac
209
Appearance of recipient in Twin-to-Twin transfusion?
Hemolysis, jaundice
210
Alternate name for Mongolian Spots?
Congenital dermal melanocytosis
211
Prognosis for Mongolian Spots?
Disappears by age 3-5 yo
212
MSK condition associated with Prune Belly Syndrome?
Clubfoot
213
2 tumors associated with NF-1?
Pheochromocytoma, Optic glioma
214
2 tumors associated with NF-2?
Acoustic neuroma, Meningioma
215
Ocular condition associated with NF-2?
Cataracts
216
Appearance of ash-leaf lesions in Tuberous Sclerosis?
Hypopigmented
217
Immunodeficiency seen in Ataxia Telangiectasia?
Combined immunodeficiency … Low Ig, T cell dysfunction
218
What accounts for T cell dysfunction in Ataxia Telangiectasia?
Thymic hypoplasia
219
2 aspect of clinical presentation for Sturge-Weber Syndrome?
Port-Wine Stains, Seizures
220
2 tumors associated with VHL Syndrome?
Pheochromocytoma, Renal cell carcinoma
221
Role of VHL gene?
TSG
222
Location of VHL gene?
Chromosome 3
223
Ocular portion affected by VHL Syndrome?
Retina … (angiomatosis)
224
Ocular portion affected by NF-1 Syndrome?
Iris … (hamartomas)
225
Sign of pathologic jaundice in neonates?
Present beyond 1 week in term infants; 2 weeks in pre-term infants
226
Onset of pathologic jaundice?
Hyperbilirubinemia present \< 24 hours old
227
Indication for Phototherapy in neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia?
Total Bilirubin \> 15
228
Role of Phototherapy in neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia?
Isomerization of bilirubin … water-soluble isomers
229
Peak of Transient Hyperbilirubinemia?
2-3 days of life
230
XR appearance of Necrotizing Enterocolitis?
Portal venous gas, Pneumatosis intestinalis
231
Onset of Transient Tachypnea of Newborn?
First few hours of life
232
NML RR of newborns?
40-60 x per minute
233
Prognosis of Transient Tachypnea of Newborn?
Self-limited
234
3 pathogens responsible for early sepsis in neonates?
GBS, E. coli, Listeria
235
3 pathogens responsible for late sepsis in neonates?
GBS, E. coli, Staph
236
Most common cause of Retinopathy of prematurity?
Excessive O2 supplementation
237
Change to vitals in Intraventricular Hemorrhage?
Bradycardia
238
Next step of workup for neonate who presents with rectal bleeding or hematemesis shortly after delivery?
Apt test … (not EGD or colonoscopy)
239
Role of Apt test in fetal rectal bleeding or fetal hematemesis?
Checks HGB of blood to distinguish maternal blood from fetal blood
240
Which route of delivery is needed for Vitamin K at birth?
IM
241
Clinical presentation of acute neonatal narcotic withdrawal?
Sneezing, rhinorrhea, diarrhea
242
Treatment of choice for acute neonatal narcotic withdrawal?
Opium solution
243
Etiology of Neonatal RDS?
Deficiency of surfactant
244
Appearance of Neonatal RDS on CXR?
Ground glass, Reticulogranulocyte densities
245
2 aspects of treatment for Neonatal RDS?
Surfactant replacement, O2 supplementation
246
2 complications of excessive O2 supplementation in neonates?
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Retinopathy of prematurity
247
Etiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?
Necrotizing bronchiolitis
248
Etiology of Retinopathy of prematurity?
Fibrovascular proliferation of retinal vessels
249
Which vaccine is indicated for patients with chronic lung conditions?
Influenza
