Neuropathology

Question 1

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

Answer 1

1. Somatic

2. Visceral

Question 2

Pathology of the ____ may lead to paresis or paralysis of a muscle or muscle group, and may be limited and show limited limb involvement.

Answer 2

PNS

Question 3

Spasticity, + babinski, brisk reflexes and unilateral or bilateral involvement are all possible signs of ____ pathology.

Answer 3

CNS

Question 4

PNS sensory signs are restricted to a _______.

Answer 4

dermatome

Question 5

CNS sensory signs are complex and involve multiple _________, with a definite sensory level associated with a ______ level.

Answer 5

dermatomes; spinal

Question 6

____ pathology may lead to autonomic dysfunction.

Answer 6

CNS

Question 7

How is nerve conduction velocity effected in lower motor neuron damage? upper motor neuron damage?

Answer 7

less to absent; same

Question 8

A lot of neurons can be lost before weakness is noted (T/F)/

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

Smaller neuronal cross sectional area due to aging may be _______ in origin; atherosclerosis leads to poorer blood supply.

Answer 9

vascular

Question 10

With aging, ________ control of dermal vasculature declines which leads to poor wound healing.

Answer 10

sympathetic

Question 11

Slowed nerve conduction velocity and smaller action potentials lead to what 3 things?

Answer 11

1. Decreased strength
2. Sensory changes
3. Overall slower function

Question 12

Peripheral nerve regeneration occurs at a rate of __-__ mm/day.

Answer 12

1-5

Question 13

What is the pathology behind charcot-marie-tooth disease?

Answer 13

extensive demyelination

Question 14

The pattern of hammer toes, peripheral atrophy, per cavus and weakness in DF is indicative of?

Answer 14

Charcot-marie-tooth disease

Question 15

There is no treatment to alter disease course of charcot-marie-tooth disease (T/F).

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

_____ _____ _____ is the most common entrapment syndrome in the US/Canada.

Answer 16

carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 17

_____ ______ ______ = compression induced schema and segmental demyelination of the median nerve.

Answer 17

carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 18

CTS displays with nocturnal pain (T/F).

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

How is CTS confirmed?

Answer 19

nerve conduction velocity testing

Question 20

What is the cause of bell’s palsy?

Answer 20

latent herpes virus which becomes reactivated

Question 21

What two populations are are higher risk of CTS?

Answer 21

pregnant women and diabetics

Question 22

_____ _____ = unilateral facial paralysis.

Answer 22

bell’s palsy

Question 23

What does the facial nerve innervate?

Answer 23

1. Muscles of facial expression
2. Stapedius muscle of inner ear
3. Sensory and autonomic fibres for taste, tears and salivation

Question 24

What is the medical management of bell’s palsy?

Answer 24

1. Corticosteroid treatment

2. Protect eye

Question 25

______ _____ _____ = entrapment syndrome caused by pressure on the thoracic outlet on brachial plexus at the inferior border of the axilla.

Answer 25

thoracic outlet syndrome

Question 26

When may vascular changes occurs in TOS?

Answer 26

if subclavian artery is entrapped

Question 27

TOS causes neuropraxia and _______ ______ (anterograde or distal to the lesion).

Answer 27

wallerian degeneration

Question 28

Are women or men more prone to TOS?

Answer 28

women

Question 29

Where might pain from TOS radiate?

Answer 29

neck --> face, scapula, and anterior chest

Question 30

_______ syndrome might accompany TOS bc of vascular complications.

Answer 30

reynauds

Question 31

Diabetic neuropathy is a metabolic neuropathy that effects nerves and _______ cells.

Answer 31

schwann

Question 32

In diabetic neuropathy, ________ leads to abnormal microcirculation.

Answer 32

hyperglycemia

Question 33

There is a clear relationship between insulin levels and diabetic neuropathy (T/F)

Answer 33

FALSE

Question 34

In diabetic neuropathy, nerve _____ ______ is reduced.

Answer 34

growth factor

Question 35

_________ neuropathy seen in poorly controlled diabetes, which results in distal symmetric sensory changes; paresthesia, burning sensation

Answer 35

hyperglycaemic

Question 36

Clinical manifestations of diabetic neuropathy included _____ ________ polyneuropathy.

Answer 36

generalized symmetric

Question 37

Diabetic neuropathy displays with _________ paresthesia.

Answer 37

painless

Question 38

There is _________ motor weakness in diabetic neuropathy.

Answer 38

minimal

Question 39

Diabetic neuropathy might also display with _______ neuropathies like mononeuropathies in limbs or cranial nerves,

Answer 39

focal

Question 40

What is the most common cause of motor paresis and paralysis?

Answer 40

Guillian barre syndrome

Question 41

When is maximal weakness reached in guillian barre syndrome?

Answer 41

2-3 weeks

Question 42

How long does recovery from Guillian Barre syndrome take?

Answer 42

months

Question 43

GBS is an ______ disorder.

Answer 43

immune

Question 44

Is GBS more common in men or women?

Answer 44

men

Question 45

_______ = lesions throughout PNS from spinal nerves to terminating fibres.

Answer 45

GBS

Question 46

GBS = __________ mediated demyelination

Answer 46

antibody

Question 47

In GBS, the ________ in the schwann cells are attacked by circulating antibodies.

Answer 47

myelin

Question 48

In GBS there is a rapidly ascending ______ weakness and distal ________ loss.

Answer 48

motor; sensory

Question 49

In GBS, will deep tendon reflexes be present?

Answer 49

No

Question 50

CSF in people with GBS will show elevated levels of _____.

Answer 50

albumin

Question 51

What does early and later PT involvement in GBS look like?

Answer 51

Early: preserve muscle and ROM Later: strengthen

Question 52

_____ ______ ______ ______ = abnormal respones in peripheral nerves.

Answer 52

complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)

Question 53

How many levels of CRPS are there?

Answer 53

2

Question 54

CRPS ___ = pain syndrome after trauma

Answer 54

I

Question 55

CRPS __ = pain syndrome when trauma involved a major nerve.

Answer 55

II

Question 56

______ may present as a smooth, hot, swollen joint.

Answer 56

CRPS

Question 57

_______ is caused by reactivation of the Varicellazoster virus years after initial infection.

Answer 57

shingles

Question 58

________ affects a single cranial nerve or dermatome.

Answer 58

shingles

Question 59

Can shingles affect motor nerves?

Answer 59

yes, occasionally; will cause LMN signs