Motor control

Question 1

What are 5 motor control disorders?

Answer 1

1. Parkinson’s disease
2. Huntington’s chorea
3. Essential tremor
4. Hemiballism
5. Tardive dyskinesia

Question 2

Parkinson’s pathology suggests _____, ___ and ____ causes.

Answer 2

genetic, viral and toxic

Question 3

_____ of focal ______ can also cause PD like symptoms.

Answer 3

injury; ischemia

Question 4

What neurotoxic chemical is toxic in PD?

Answer 4

MPTP

Question 5

Bradykinesia, mask face and micrographia are part of the characteristic appearance of ____.

Answer 5

PD

Question 6

Parkinsonian _____ is often the first symptom to appear and occurs in ____% of pt’s.

Answer 6

70

Question 7

Parkinsonian tremor begins as an alternating flexion/extention contractions of the hand at __-__ Hz, and with disease progression speed increases to __-___ Hz.

Answer 7

3-4; 7-12

Question 8

What are the 4 main symptoms of PD?

Answer 8

1. Resting tremor
2. Rigidity
3. Bradykinesia
4. Postural instability

Question 9

What is cogwheel rigidity?

Answer 9

passive movement in PD may be interrupted by brief muscular jerks

Question 10

______ = difficulty initiating,g continuing, synchronizing movements interspersed with freezing

Answer 10

bradykinesia

Question 11

______ = decreased frequency of movements, absence of associated movements

Answer 11

hypokinesia

Question 12

_______ = most prevalent and crippling symptom, often overlooked

Answer 12

akinesia

Question 13

Akinesia can affect all ______ muscles.

Answer 13

striated

Question 14

Is akinesia and rigidity the same thing?

Answer 14

NO

Question 15

What are three factors of postural abnormalities in PD?

Answer 15

1. Postural fixation
2. Equilibrium
3. Difficulty righting

Question 16

_______ abnormalities = neuroendocrine abnormalities, constipation, urinary retention

Answer 16

autonomic

Question 17

Depression in PD may be helped with what type of therapy?

Answer 17

electroconvulsive shock therapy

Question 18

Cognitive symptoms ______ and progressively _______ with length of disease.

Answer 18

fluctuate; worsen

Question 19

Onset of PD occurs around ___ - ___ years of age.

Answer 19

50-60

Question 20

The course of the PD is __-___ years.

Answer 20

15-20

Question 21

PD may reduce life expectancy.

Answer 21

Not true, because onset is late

Question 22

In ___, there is a high degree of variation between individuals and types.

Answer 22

PD

Question 23

______ is a common co-morbidity in PD.

Answer 23

dementia

Question 24

______ is the leading COD in PD.

Answer 24

pneumonia

Question 25

Dx of PD is based on presentation of __ of 4 cardinal signs.

Answer 25

2

Question 26

One of which 2 cardinal signs of PD must be present in order to make PD Dx?

Answer 26

1. resting tremor | 2. bradykinesia

Question 27

What is the drug therapy for PD?

Answer 27

L-dopa

Question 28

_____ _____ ______ prevent secondary complications and maintain mobility in PD.

Answer 28

Deep brain stimulators

Question 29

___ ____ = progressive, hereditary disorder characterized by abnormal movement, personality disorders and dementia

Answer 29

huntingtons disease

Question 30

HD is most often associated with _________ movement that is purposeless, involuntary, brief and random.

Answer 30

choreaform

Question 31

Do chloroform movements have a repeating pattern?

Answer 31

no

Question 32

HD shows atrophy of _____ and _____ on MRI after early diagnostic stage.

Answer 32

caudate; putamen

Question 33

HD tends to progress to be more like PD with increased ________ in end stages.

Answer 33

rigidity

Question 34

HD is ________ dominant, with a ___% chance of inheriting the disease if 1 parent is affected.

Answer 34

autosomal; 50

Question 35

Onset of HD is ___-___ years, but __% show onset after 50 years.

Answer 35

15-40; 25

Question 36

How long is life expectancy in HD after diagnosis?

Answer 36

15-20 years

Question 37

What are the 4 factors in HD general management?

Answer 37

1. symptoms management 2. antipsychotic drugs of limited help 3. pt safety 4. nutrition

Question 38

PD = _____ inhibition of the thalamus by the BG via a fault of the _____ motor loop

Answer 38

increased; direct

Question 39

HD = ______ inhibition of the thalamus by the BC via a faulty of the _________ motor loop

Answer 39

decreased; indirect

Question 40

________ tremor = common neurological disorder usually seen as shaking of hand evoked by voluntary movements

Answer 40

essential

Question 41

Are there other neurologic signs in individuals with essential tremor?

Answer 41

no

Question 42

Essential tremors can range form mild to debilitating (T/F).

Answer 42

TRUE

Question 43

_____ _____ = most frequently seen movement disorder

Answer 43

essential tremor

Question 44

When is the most common onset of essential tremor?

Answer 44

middle age

Question 45

Essential tremor thought to be genetic in __%

Answer 45

50

Question 46

Essential tremor usually seen in people ___+

Answer 46

50

Question 47

Essential tremor is associated with increased activity in the _________.

Answer 47

thalamus

Question 48

What are two treatment options for people with essential tremors?

Answer 48

1. medication | 2. surgery

Question 49

_________ = lesion in the subthalamus

Answer 49

hemiballism

Question 50

What are 3 possible causes of hemiballism?

Answer 50

1. vascular 2. infection 3. direct injury

Question 51

How long usually does it take hemiballism to heal?

Answer 51

6 months - 1 year

Question 52

Hemiballism is characterized by exhausting, ______ movements.

Answer 52

violent

Question 53

Rotatory movements seen in hemiballism are usually at _______ joints.

Answer 53

proximal

Question 54

Hemiballism can be fatal from injury or inched metabolic demand of activity (T/F).

Answer 54

TRUE

Question 55

________ ________ = motor control disorder secondary to use of neuroleptics for control of psychosis

Answer 55

tardive dyskinesia

Question 56

TD may occur within hours to months following use of generation ________.

Answer 56

neuroleptics

Question 57

TD is generally ___________ .

Answer 57

irreversible

Question 58

_____ _____ = random movements in the tongue, lips or jaw as well as facial grimacing, movement of arms, legs, fingers, toes, or even swaying movements of the trunks or hips which disappear during sleep.

Answer 58

tardive dyskinesia