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PHTH 521 > Vestibular system > Flashcards

Vestibular system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of the vestibular system?

A
  1. postural stability
  2. gaze stability
  3. resolution of sensory conflict - visual / somatosensory conflict
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2
Q

Vestibular system detects forces created by _______ as we move.

A

gravity

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3
Q

Information that the vestibular system determines is used to generate _______ and ______ responses.

A

postural; visual

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4
Q

Vestibular disorders cause what 3 things?

A
  1. abnormal sense of movement
  2. visual instability
  3. loss of balance
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5
Q

Vestibular information must be integrated with _______ and ________ for postural control.

A

vision; somatosensation

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6
Q

Frequency of dizziness increases with ____.

A

age

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7
Q

Hair cell loss contributes to dizziness as we age (T/F).

A

T

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8
Q

___% of people 45+ complain of dizziness (women>men).

A

10

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9
Q

Neuronal loss in vestibular nuclei ___%/year from age 40.

A

3

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10
Q

What are 5 lesions associated with vestibular dysfunction?

A
  1. Vestibular end organ
  2. Vestibular nerve terminals
  3. Cerebellopontine
  4. Brainstem/cerebellum
  5. Vestibular projectins to cerebral cortex
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11
Q

Endolymph movement deflects ______ and activates _______.

A

cupula; ampulla

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12
Q

Together the ________ ______ make up a 3d representation of head motion.

A

semicircular canals

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13
Q

_______ detect acceleration/deceleration and gravitational pull.

A

otoliths

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14
Q

________ detects horizontal motion

A

utricle

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15
Q

______ detects sagittal plane motion

A

saccule

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16
Q

What are the 4 types of dizziness?

A
  1. vertigo
  2. imbalance
  3. disequilibrium
  4. lightheadedness
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17
Q

_________ = defined as a hallucination of motion of the body or the environment and may be rotary or linear

A

vertigo

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18
Q

_______ = impaired ability to maintain orientation of body in space

A

imbalance

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19
Q

_______ = feeling of drunkenness or dis-orientation

A

disequilibrium

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20
Q

_________ = cardiovascular or metabolic

A

lightheadedness

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21
Q

_______ is a cardinal symptom of vestibular system disease

A

vertigo

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22
Q

________ signifies chronic vestibular or neurologic disease

A

imbalance

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23
Q

________ can be vestibular, metabolic, and multisensory.

A

lightheadedness

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24
Q

Disruption of vestibular nerve firing on one side causing loss of ________ firing.

25
In __________ _______ the brain interprets the mismatch between the two sides of the brain as movement.
vestibular dysfunction
26
How long does compensation take for vestibular dysfunction?
~ 2 weeks
27
If the vestibular dysfunction is due to a stable lesion, the brain will compensate with ______.
vision
28
Vestibular system drives _____ movement.
eye
29
What are the 3 pathways that stabilize the body using info from vestibular system?
1. Lateral vestibulospinal 2. Medial vestibulospinal 3. Reticulospinal
30
_______ vestibulospinal: info from cerebellum and otoliths
lateral
31
_______ vestibulospinal: info from semicircular canals
medial
32
_______ vestibulospinal: postural activity of lower extremities in response to head position changes with respect to gravity
lateral
33
_______ vestibulospinal: postural responses with regard to angular position changes
medial
34
__________ tract : info from vestibular nuclei, concerned with maintaining balance.
reticulospinal
35
Together the 3 vestibulospinal tracts provide ________ postural control.
automatic
36
What are 5 vestibular symptoms?
1. change in heading 2. dizziness 3. vertigo 4. light-headedness 5. oscillopsia
37
What are 5 vestibular syndromes/diseases?
1. continuous vertigo 2. benign paroxysmal positional vertigo 3. vestibular neuronitis 4. meniere's syndrome 5. acoustic neuroma
38
________ syndrome = episodic vertigo
Meniere's
39
_________ vertigo = acute, unilateral loss of vestibular function
continuous
40
What might cause continuous vertigo?
1. temporal bone fracture 2. labyrinthine concussion 3. surgical labyrinthectomy 4. infarction in the vestibular nucleus
41
______ gait may present with continuous vertigo.
ataxic
42
Most continuous vertigo episodes fully resolve in a few days via cessation of ______ discharge and _____ plasticity.
tonic; CNS
43
_____ ______ _____ vertigo = episodic intense vertigo
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
44
BPPV = women: men; __:__
6:1
45
What is the most common cause of vertigo?
BPPV
46
BPPV = ____ attacks of vestibular vertigo lasting <1 min
five
47
BPPv = causing by increased fluid pressure in _______, density or clumping of ______.
labyrinths; otoliths
48
BPPV = onset after rapid ____ motion
head
49
What is the treatment for BPPV?
1. habituation | 2. canalith repositioning
50
Vestibular ________ = viral infection
neuronitis
51
What are 3 symptoms of of vestibular neuronitis?
1. vertigo 2. nystagmus 3. nausea and vomiting
52
Vestibular neuronitis resolves within ___ weeks to ___ months.
6; 3
53
Meniere's syndrome: over accumulation of ________.
endolymph
54
What are 4 symptoms of Meniere's syndrome?
1. episodic vertigo 2. tinnitus 3. fullness of ears 4. hearing loss
55
Is Meniere's syndrome more common in men or women?
women
56
What are 3 treatments for Meniere's syndrome?
1. Diuretics 2. Histamine 3. Corticosteroids
57
What is another name for an acoustic neuroma?
Vestibular schwannoma
58
Acoustic neuroma = intracranial tumor of myelin forming cells of CN ____.
VIII
59
What are 5 causes of central vestibular loss?
1. Vascular events 2. TBI 3. Brain tumours 4. MS 5. Stroke

PHTH 521 (9 decks)

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