Stroke

Question 1

Stroke is the ____ leading cause of death in Canada.

Answer 1

stroke

Question 2

Each year, more women than men die from stroke (T/F).

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

Stroke is the leading cause of adult ___-____ disability in the world.

Answer 3

long-term

Question 4

What are 6 modifiable risk factors for stroke?

Answer 4

1. hypertension
2. cardiac disease
3. diabetes
4. cholesterol
5. smoking
6. obesity

Question 5

BP over what levels increases risk of stroke?

Answer 5

> 160/95

Question 6

TIA is a warning sign but may also cause lasting damage (T/F)

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

In a TIA, neurological deficits will resolve within ___ hours but may only last a few minutes.

Answer 7

24

Question 8

___% of people who have a TIA have a recurrence in 1 year.

Answer 8

80

Question 9

___% of people who have a TIA have a clinically significant stroke within 30 days after TIA.

Answer 9

20

Question 10

Neurophysiological changes after TIA last at least ___ weeks.

Answer 10

2

Question 11

Ischemic strokes = ___% of strokes

Answer 11

80

Question 12

______ = occluding plaque, slower, symptoms evolve.

Answer 12

thrombosis

Question 13

______ infarct = 20%, and there is a high rate of cognitive changes associated with these types of strokes

Answer 13

lacunar

Question 14

_______ stroke = subgroup of ischemic stroke

Answer 14

lacunar

Question 15

Lacunar stroke = smaller than ___ cm

Answer 15

1

Question 16

Lacunar strokes are associated with what 2 co-morbidities?

Answer 16

1. hypertension

2. diabetes

Question 17

Lacunar strokes involve the small perforating _______.

Answer 17

arteries

Question 18

Subcortical location and small infarction = pure ____ and _____ deficits.

Answer 18

motor; sensory

Question 19

Embolic strokes = ___-__%, and can be air or water

Answer 19

20-30

Question 20

Do embolic strokes have any warning?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

What are the two types of strokes?

Answer 21

1. ischemic

2. hemorrhagic

Question 22

Hemorrhagic strokes = ___% of strokes

Answer 22

20

Question 23

Hemorrhagic strokes = _____ and _____-____ malformation.

Answer 23

aneurysm; arteriole-venous

Question 24

Stroke has an _____ onset, but then slowly progress over minutes to hours.

Answer 24

abrupt

Question 25

If you get to the hospital between 1-3 hours after stoke you can be treated with what?

Answer 25

tissue plasminogen activator

Question 26

______ score used to predict progression of stroke and risk of recurrent stroke.

Answer 26

ABCD

Question 27

What is the ABCD score?

Answer 27

A: age B: blood pressure C: clinical features D: duration

Question 28

A higher score on the ABCD score would indicate a worse risk (T/F).

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What are 2 arterial factors that contribute to stroke?

Answer 29

1. vessel walls | 2. damaged vessels

Question 30

What is a site in the brain that may have congenital malformation?

Answer 30

circle of willis

Question 31

What are 4 venous factors that contribute to stroke?

Answer 31

1. Tendency for a persons blood to clot quickly 2. Irritation or inflammation of the inner lining of the vein 3. Slow or sluggish flow of blood through deep veins 4. Deep vein thrombosis

Question 32

Anastomoses between ____ and ____ often help preserve leg motor and sensory function after stroke.

Answer 32

ACA; MCA

Question 33

What 2 arteries are at risk in the neck?

Answer 33

1. vertebral arteries | 2. internal carotid

Question 34

The vertebral and internal carotid artery can suffer spontaneous or traumatic injury (T/F).

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

______ _____ = area of marginal perfusion

Answer 35

ischemic penumbra

Question 36

______ and ______ neurons are sensitive to ischemia.

Answer 36

cerebellar; hippocampus

Question 37

In response to an ischemic stroke, there is excess extracellular _____ ______.

Answer 37

glutamate apoptosis

Question 38

_____-_____ degeneration occurs in response to ischemic stroke.

Answer 38

trans-neuronal

Question 39

When ____ receptors are blocked, glutamate uptake is reduced and outcome improves.

Answer 39

NMDA

Question 40

Higher dose, very early mobilization provolone was associated with a _____ in the odds of a favourable outcome at 3 months.

Answer 40

reduction

Question 41

When giving TIA, the stroke cannot be ______.

Answer 41

hemorrhagic

Question 42

TIA can salvage _______ tissue if given within 3 hours of onset.

Answer 42

pneunbral

Question 43

What are 4 ways to prevent a recurrent stroke?

Answer 43

1. anticoagulation therapies 2. lipid lowering agents 3. lifestyle changes 4. exercise

Question 44

What are the outcomes for stroke?

Answer 44

1. 25% minor impairment 2. 50% moderate to severe 3. 20-30% recover poorly and die by one year

Question 45

__________ stroke better for long term prognosis for functional recovery.

Answer 45

hemorrhagic

Question 46

Integrity of ________ motor output system is critical particularly for fractioned movement of the fingers

Answer 46

pyramidal

Question 47

Even a small injury in the ______ ______ is very significant.

Answer 47

corona radiata.

Question 48

____ ______ structure after stroke predicts change associated with motor learning.

Answer 48

white matter

Question 49

Focal lesion to Broca's area = _____ aphasia.

Answer 49

expressive

Question 50

Focal lesion to Wernickes area = ________ aphasia.

Answer 50

receptive

Question 51

Apraxia = motor disorder caused by lesion to _______ _____ lobe.

Answer 51

posterior parietal

Question 52

________ apraxia = can explain an action, perform it voluntarily but not complete movements on command.

Answer 52

ideomotor

Question 53

_______ apraxia = cannot draw shapes

Answer 53

constructional

Question 54

_________ apraxia = cannot create a motor plan to carry out complex actions; loss of ability to relate objects to their use,

Answer 54

ideational

Question 55

The ________ capacity of the brain is highly reliant on high doses of skilled movement.

Answer 55

adaptive

Question 56

Drugs that induce neuroplasticity are commonly used in stroke (T/F).

Answer 56

FALSE; drugs that induce neuroplasticity do not exist