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Physiology > Neurophysiology, Medbullets > Flashcards

Neurophysiology, Medbullets Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Support cells: GFAP (+)

A

Astrocytes

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2
Q

Support cells: Become rod cells in neurosyphilis

A

Microglial cells

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3
Q

Seen in perivascular cuffing during viral encephalitis

A

Microglial cells

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4
Q

The only CNS/PNS support cell to originate from mesoderm

A

Microglial cell

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5
Q

Support cells: Fried egg appearance on H&E

A

Oligodendrocytes

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6
Q

Each oligodendrocyte myelinated a maximum of how many axons

A

30

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7
Q

Oligodendrocytes are destroyed in what disease

A

MS

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8
Q

Each Schwann cell myelinates how many axons

A

1

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9
Q

Schwann cells are derived from

A

Neural crest cells

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10
Q

Schwann cells are destroyed in what disease

A

Guillan-Barre syndrome

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11
Q

Intrafusal vs extrafusal: Muscle spindle

A

Extrafusal

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12
Q

Muscle spindle neuronal circuit (4)

A

1) Muscle stretch stimulates 1a afferent neurons 2) 1a afferent neuron enter the dorsal horn 3) Stimulation of a-motor neuron propagates a reflex arc 4) Muscle contraction

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13
Q

Muscle length vs tension: Muscle spindle

A

Muscle length

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14
Q

Muscle length vs tension: Golgi tendon

A

Muscle tension

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15
Q

Intrafusal vs extrafusal: Golgi tendon

A

Intrafusal

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16
Q

Parallel vs in series with muscle: Muscle spindle

A

Parallel

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17
Q

Parallel vs in series with muscle: Golgi tendon

A

In series

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18
Q

Golgi tendon neuronal circuit

A

1) Inc muscle tension stimulates 1b afferent neurons 2) 1b afferent neurons inhibit a-motor neurons 3) Muscle relaxation

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19
Q

Ach is increased in

A

Parkinson’s

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20
Q

GABA is synthesised in

A

Nucleus accumbens

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21
Q

NTs decreased in depression (2)

A

1) GABA 2) Serotonin

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22
Q

NE is synthesised in

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A

Locus ceruleus

23
Q

NE is increased in

24
Q

Effect of infarction on tight junctions

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A

Destruction resulting in vasogenic edema

25
Water-soluble vs lipid-soluble molecules: Cross the blood-brain barrier
Lipid-soluble (nonpolar)
26
Transport of glucose and amino acids through BBB
Carrier-mediated
27
CSF: Normal amount of lymphocytes/mononuclear cells
0-4 per mm3
28
CSF: Presence of neutrophils may be normal
F, always abnormal
29
CSF: Conditions of increased protein
1) CNS tumors 2) GBS
30
Compared to serum, CSF has less
1) Protein 2) pH 3) K, Ca, HCO3 4) Glucose
31
Compared to serum, CSF has more
Cl and Mg
32
Choroid plexus are found in
Lateral, 3rd, and 4th ventricles
33
Entire volume of CSF is recycled ___ times per 24 hours
2-3
34
Mechanisms of communicating hydrocephalus (2)
1) Decreased resorption as in scarring following meningitis 2) Increased production as in choroid plexus tumour
35
Most common site of stenosis along the ventricular system
1) Foramen of Monro 2) Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
36
Mechanisms of hydrocephalus with normal pressure
1) Chronic dilation 2) Distortion of corona radiata
37
Mechanism of hydrocephalus ex vacuo
Small brain as in Alzheimer's, advanced HIV, and trauma
38
T/F More sensitive areas receive a greater representation in the sensory homunculus
T
39
T/F More precise muscles receive a greater representation in the motor homunculus
T
40
Homunculus
41
Awake and alert
Beta
42
Awake and eyes closed
Alpha
43
Stage 1 (Light sleep)
Theta
44
Stage 2 (Deeper sleep)
Sleep spindles and K complexes
45
Stage 3 Deepest nREM, sleepwalking, night terrors, bedwetting
Delta
46
REM (dreaming)
Beta
47
Substances that reduce REM and delta sleep
1) Alcohol 2) Benzodiazepines 3) Barbiturates
48
Mechanism by which alcohol, benzodiazepines and barbiturates reduce REM and delta sleep
GABA agonists
49
EOM during REM is due to activity of
Paramedian pontine reticular formation
50
NT that reduce REM sleep
NE
51
REM occurs every ___ min
90
52
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Narcolepsy
53
Narcolepsy: Hallucinations just before sleep
Hypnagogic
54
Narcolepsy: Hallucinations just before awakening
Hypnopompic

Physiology (15 decks)

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