Special Topics, Topnotch

Question 1

Part of brain that regulates temp

Answer 1

Hypothalamus

Question 2

Location of sensors for temp regulation

Answer 2

Skin and hypothalamus

Question 3

Radiator system of the body

Answer 3

Skin

Question 4

Mechanisms of heat loss, greatest to least

Answer 4

Radiation > evaporation > conduction to air > conduction to objects

Question 5

Interleukins that mediate fever

Answer 5

IL-1 and IL-6

Question 6

Excessive sweating causing fainting

Answer 6

Heat exhaustion

Question 7

High temp causes tissue damage and impaired responses

Answer 7

Heat stroke

Question 8

Substances that cause malignant hyperthermia

Answer 8

Succinylcholine and halothane

Question 9

Antidote for malignant hyperthermia

Answer 9

Dantrolene

Question 10

M vs F: Strength per sq.cm of x-sec area

Answer 10

Equal

Question 11

Energy system active during the first 8-10 sec of exercise

Answer 11

Phosphagen energy system

Question 12

Energy system active 1.3-1.6 mins after phosphagen system is used up

Answer 12

Glycogen-lactic acid system

Question 13

Energy system that is limited by availability of energy

Answer 13

Aerobic system

Question 14

Supplies 50% of energy of aerobic system after 3-4 hours

Answer 14

Fats

Question 15

How long does it take to recover muscle glycogen

Answer 15

2 days

Question 16

Increase in muscle strength is ALWAYS due to

Answer 16

Increase in muscle size

Question 17

Maximal breathing capacity

Answer 17

150-170L/min

Question 18

Pulmonary ventilation during maximal exercise

Answer 18

100-110L/min

Question 19

Resting CO in normal adult

Answer 19

5L/min

Question 20

CO in exercising athlete

Answer 20

30L/min

Question 21

CO in exercising non-athlete

Answer 21

20L/min

Question 22

CO at maximal exercise

Answer 22

90% of maximun

Question 23

___% of nutrient energy is converted to muscles work

Answer 23

25

Question 24

Temp that causes heat stroke

Answer 24

> 42C

Question 25

Sweat glands acclimatize to hot and humid weather because of

Answer 25

Aldosterone

Question 26

Hormone that causes muscle strength and aggressiveness but can also cause MI and stroke

Answer 26

Testosterone

Question 27

Most important effect of high altitude

Answer 27

Decreased mental proficiency

Question 28

Altitude at which seizures may occur

Answer 28

18,000ft

Question 29

Altitude at which coma and death may occur

Answer 29

23,000ft

Question 30

Mechanisms for acclimatization to low PO2 (5)

Answer 30

1) Inc pulmonary ventilation by 1.65x in a few minutes to 5x in a few days 2) Polycythemia 3) Increase diffusing capacity of O2 and inc 2,3 bpg 4) Angiogenesis 5) Inc ability of cells to use O2 despite low PO2 via inc in mitochondria and oxidative enzymes

Question 31

Mechanisms of acute mountain sickness

Answer 31

1) Acute pulmonary edema | 2) Acute cerebral edema

Question 32

Mechanisms of chronic mountain sickness

Answer 32

1) Pulmonary vasoconstriction | 2) Right sided heart failure

Question 33

Unit of force equal to the force exerted by gravity to which the body is subjected when it is accelerated

Answer 33

G force

Question 34

Positive G vs Negative G: More dangerous due to shunting of blood to LE hence away from brain

Answer 34

Positive G

Question 35

G that may cause LOC and death

Answer 35

+6 to +10

Question 36

G that may cause vertebral fracture

Answer 36

20

Question 37

G that may result in red-out of the eyes and transient psychotic disturbances

Answer 37

Negative G

Question 38

Negative G that may result in death

Answer 38

-20

Question 39

Constant speed that a freely falling object eventually reaches and prevents further acceleration

Answer 39

Terminal velocity

Question 40

Speed of terminal velocity

Answer 40

175 ft/sec

Question 41

A parachute reduces speed of skydiver to

Answer 41

1/9th terminal velocity

Question 42

O2 in a sealed aircraft

Answer 42

20% at 760 mmHg

Question 43

Decreased as a chronic effect of being in space (5)

Answer 43

1) Blood volume 2) RBC 3) Muscle strength 4) Max CO 5) Ca and PO4 in bones

Question 44

Depth at which Nitrogen pressure causes joviality

Answer 44

120ft

Question 45

Depth at which Nitrogen pressure causes drowsiness

Answer 45

200-250ft

Question 46

Depth at which there is raptures of the depths

Answer 46

Beyond 250ft

Question 47

Manifestations of decompression sickness (3)

Answer 47

1) Bends 2) Chokes 3) Caisson's disease

Question 48

Gas used beyond 250ft to prevent decompression sickness

Answer 48

Helium