New Deals and International Relations 1933-1945 Flashcards
(198 cards)
1
Q
when was FDR president
A
1933-1944
2
Q
what was the government deficit in 1938
A
lower than the $2.5 billion deficit Hoover had run up in 1932
3
Q
what was the national total of personal income after the New Deals
A
$86 billion in 1929 and $73 billion in 1939
4
Q
what were average weekly wages after the New Deals
A
$25.03 a week in 1929 down to $23.86 a week in 1939
5
Q
how many were unemployed under FDR
A
18 million in 1933 and 9 million in 1939
6
Q
what % of the workforce were jobless in the Roosevelt recession
A
19% in 1938
7
Q
how many tanks were produced between 1941 and 1945
A
86,000
8
Q
how many aircraft were produced between 1941 and 1945
A
296,000
9
Q
how many rifles were produced between 1941 and 1945
A
15 million
10
Q
what did farm income increase by during WW2
A
250%
11
Q
what was the reduction of unemployment during the war
A
14.6% in 1940 to 1.2% in 1944
12
Q
how many women entered the labour force in 1944
A
6.5 million
13
Q
what % women were employed during the war
A
60%
14
Q
how many African Americans migrated to cities 1940-1944
A
5 million
15
Q
what did GNP rise to during the war
A
$91.3 billion in 1939 to $167 billion by 1945
16
Q
what was responsible for controlling food prices and rents
A
Office of War Mobilization
17
Q
what did prices and wages rise by
A
prices by 28% and wages by 40%
18
Q
how much did federal government increase
A
it was twice as much between 1941 and 1945 as it had been before in 150 years
19
Q
what did FDR say on the radio which resonated with many Americans
A
he would help the ‘forgotten man’ in April 1932
20
Q
how long did the special session of congress last after FDR’s inauguration
A
100 days
21
Q
how did FDR speak directly to the electorate
A
through ‘fireside chats’
22
Q
how much of the labour force did agriculture account for
A
30%
23
Q
what was the AAA
A
Agricultural Adjustment Act
24
Q
when was the AAA passed
A
May 1933
25
how many acres of cotton had been planted in 1933
400,000 more than in 1932
26
by how much was the price of cotton increased
from 6.5 cents per pound in 1932 to 10 cents in 1933
27
how many acres of cotton were destroyed under the AAA
10.5 million
28
how many piglets were bought and slaughtered under the AAA
6 million
29
how much did total farm income increase
$4.5 billion in 1932 to $6.9 billion in 1935
30
how many tobacco growers signed up to the AAA
95%
31
what was the TVA
Tennessee Valley Authority
32
when was the TVA set up
May 1933
33
how many lived along the River Tennessee
2 million
34
how many dams were built under the TVA
20
35
how much did residents' income increase along the River Tennessee
200% 1929-1949
36
how many banks were closing in 1932
40 a day
37
who declared the first bank holiday and when
the governor of Nevada in Oct 1932
38
when was the Emergency Banking Relief Act
March 1933
39
how much debate in congress was there over the emergency banking relief act
only 40 mins
40
how much in currency had been returned to bank deposits by April 1932
$1 billion
41
when was the Glass-Steagall Act
1933
42
how much were individual bank deposits insured up to
$2500
43
who administered the bank deposit insurance fund
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
44
when was the Truth-in-Securities Act
1933
45
when was The Securities Act
1934
46
what agency was set up by the Securities Act
the Securities Exchange Commission
47
how much did the economy grow in FDR's first term
10% a year
48
when was the National Industry Recovery Act
June 1933
49
how headed the National Recovery Administration
General Hugh Johnson
49
how long was antitrust legislation suspended for under the NRA
2 years
50
what is NIRA
National Industry Recovery Act
51
what was the proposed minimum wage under the NRA
$11 for a 40hr week
52
what is the NRA
National Recovery Administration
52
when did the supreme court declare the NRA unconstitutional
May 1935
53
what is the PWA
Public Works Association
53
who headed the PWA
Harold Ickes
54
how much was the PWA given
$3.3 billion
55
how many schools were built by the PWA
13,000
56
how many miles of road were built by the PWA
50,000
57
how many national parks were created by the PWA
4
58
when was the Civil Works Administration set up
Nov 1933
59
how much did the PWA grant the CWA
$400 million
60
how many were put to work under the CWA
4 million
61
what is FERA
Federal Emergency Relief Administration
62
when was the federal emergency relief act
May 1933
63
how much was FERA given
$500 million
64
what was the financial incentive given to state governments to spend on relief
the gov would may each state $1 for every $3 spent on relief
65
who ran FERA
Harry Hopkins
66
which states refused to comply with FERA
Kentucky and Ohio
67
how much was FERA paying to the average family on relief compared to subsistence level
$25 a month - subsistence was $100
68
what was the CCC
Civilian Conservation Corps
69
when was the CCC set up
1933
70
when did congress extend the CCC
for a further 7 years in 1935
71
how many miles of telephone lines were installed by the CCC
65,100 miles
72
how many man hours were spent by the CCC fighting forest fires
4.1 million
73
how many trees were planted by the CCC
1.3 billion
74
what was the WPA
Workers Progress Administration
75
how many employees did the WPA have
2 million at any one time
76
how much of the nation's workforce had found work with the WPA
20% by 1941
77
what were the average wages in the WPA
$52 a month
78
how many airport landing fields were built by the WPA
1000
79
how many schools and hospitals were built by the WPA
8000
80
how many playgrounds were built by the WPA
12,000
81
which two major constructions did the WPA undertake
the Lincoln Tunnel and Fort Knox
82
when was the Wagner-Connery Labour Relations Act
July 1935
83
when was the Social Security Act
August 1935
84
which was the only state to provide any sort of unemployment benefit before the social security act
Wisconsin
85
what was the pension rate
min $10 and max $85 a month - not paid until 1940
86
what was the unemployment benefit
max $18 a week for 16 weeks
87
when was the Banking Act
August 1935
88
when was the Liberty league founded
April 1934
89
how many members did the Liberty League have
125,000 by July 1936
90
who was the governor of Louisiana who opposed FDR
Huey Long
91
who conducted a poll to asses Huey Long's popularity
Postmaster General James A. Farley
92
what was the result of Farley's poll on Long
4 million were willing to vote for Long in 1935
93
when was Huey Long killed
Sept 1935
94
what was the name of Upton Sinclair's scheme involving state-run cooperatives
End Poverty In California
95
what was the name of Huey Long's national programme
Share Our Wealth
96
when was Share Our Wealth founded
Feb 1934
97
what fortunes should be confiscated and redistributed under Share Our Wealth
over $3 million
98
how many members of Share Our Wealth
27,400 clubs with 4.6 million members
99
what campaign did a retired doctor set up
Francis Townsend set up Old Age Revolving Pensions Incorporated
100
how many members did Townsend CLubs have
500,000
101
how much of the national income would Townsend's scheme cost
50%
102
what was the name of Father Charles Coughlin's radio programme
The Golden Hour of the Little Flower
103
what was the audience of Father Coughlin's radio
30-40 million
104
how many laws had the supreme court found unconstitutional before and after FDR
in the 140 years before 1935, 60 laws were found unconstitutional
between 1935 and 1936, it found 11 to be so
105
when was the sick chicken case
1935
106
which NY butcher firm was involved in the Sick Chicken case
the Schechter brothers
107
what did the supreme court find to be unconstitutional on Black Monday
the farm mortgae act and the NRA
108
when was the Judiciary Reform Bill presented
3rd Feb 1936
109
what was the judiciary reform bill rejected by
70 votes to 20
110
when did Roosevelt call for a special congressional session
Nov 1937
111
when was the Smith Act
1940
112
what did the Smith Act do
made it illegal to threaten to overthrow the government
113
when was the Selective Service Act
1940
114
when was the War Management Commission
1942
115
when was the Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply set up
August 1941
116
when did the General Maximum Price Regulation freeze prices
in April 1942 at March 1942 levels
117
how many food items were subject to price controls
90%
118
how many treaties did the Good Neighbour policy lead to with Latin American countries
10 by 1938
119
when was the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
1934
120
when was the first neutrality act
1935
121
when was the second neutrality act
1936
122
when was the third neutrality act
1937
123
when was the fourth neutrality act
1937
124
what did a Gallup poll indicate about American opinion of war
in 1937 70% thought involvement in WW1 was a mistake and 95% opposed future involvement in war
125
when and where did FDR make the quarantine speech
Oct 1937 in Chicago
126
when was the 5th neutrality act/the amendment to the neutrality acts
November 1939
127
how much did FDR grants to the defence budget after Hitler announced rearmament
$300 million
128
when did the US censure Germany
1939
129
when did FDR call a congressional session to repeal the arms embargo terms of the neutrality acts
when Britain and France went to war with Germany in Sept 1939
130
who led the America First campaign
Charles Lindbergh
131
what was the name of the American Nazi party
the Volksbund
132
when did Roosevelt to a deal with Britain to give destroyers
1940
133
what was the deal FDR made with Britain to allow them to supply destoryers
50 destroyers for 6 Caribbean bases
134
when and where did FDR give a speech assuring listeners that the US would not send troops to WW2
Boston in Sept 1940
135
what did FDR say in his speech promising US troops would not be sent to WW2
American 'boys were not going to be sent into any foreign wars'
136
when did FDR call the US 'the arsenal of democracy'
in a fireside chat 29th Dec 1940
137
when was Lend Lease introduced
May 1941
138
when and where did FDR meet with Churchill to issue the Atlantic Charter
August 1941 on the Prince of Wales battleship anchored off the Newfoundland Coast
139
what did a Gallup poll show on changing opinion of Americans towards US involvement
May 1941 only 19% thought FDR had gone too far in helping Britain
140
when did the Japanese invasion of China begin
1937
141
when did congress limit the supply of oil and scrap iron to Japan
July 1940
142
when did Cordell Hunt meet with Nomura
Spring 1941
143
when did the US freeze Japanese assets in the US and place an embargo on oil
July 1941
144
what US intelligence allowed them to track Japanese ship movements
Operation Magic
145
when was the attack on Peal Harbour
7th Dec 1941
146
what were the damages in Pearl Harbour
180 aircraft, 7 battleships, 10 other vessels, 2400 killed
147
when did the US declare war on Japan
8th Dec 1941
148
when did Germany and Italy declare war on the US
11th Dec 1941
149
what was the name of Eleanor Roosevelt's monthly feature in the Woman's Home Journal
I Want You to Write to Me
150
how many women wrote in to Eleanor Roosevelt's month feature in the Woman's Home Journal
300,000 in the first 5 months
151
who was a notable woman holding government office
Frances Perkins as secretary of labour 1933-45
152
who was the first female ambassador
Ruth Bryan Owen - ambassador to Denmark in 1933
153
when was the Economy Act
1933
154
how many of those who lost their job through the Economy Act were women
75%
155
which alphabet agency banned women
CCC
156
what was the average female wage
$525, half the average of men
157
what was the other name for the NRA used by African Americans
the Negro Run Around
158
when were anti-lynching bills introduced (but not passed) in congress
1934 and 1937
159
who was a notable African American woman in government
Mary Macleod Bethune at the National Youth Administration
160
how many African Americans were employed in the civil service
tripled to 150,000 between 1932 and 1941
161
who was the new commissioner for the Bureau of Indian Affairs
John Collier
162
when was the Indian Reorganisation Act
1934
163
how many tribes vetoed the new measures in the indian reorganisation act
75 out of 245
164
when did a senate inquiry find widespread poverty among natives on reservations
1943
165
how many Japanese, German, and Italian 'subversives' were rounded up at the end of 1941
2000 Japanese and 14,000 German and Italian
166
who was Chief of the Army West Coast Command
General John L. Dewitt
167
how many Japanese Americans fled from Dewitt's jurisdiction
15,000 between Feb and March 1942
168
who said his state was for whites only
Attorney-General of Idaho
169
how many Japanese Americans were interned
100,000 forcibly sent to 10 relocation centres
170
how much did the Japanese American community suffer in losses due to looting in their absence
$400 million
171
how many were killed in riots at Manzanar
2
172
when did the supreme court forbid the internment of loyal Japanese Americans
December 1944
173
how many women were employed at the height of WW2
19 million
174
how many aircraft workers were women
1 in 3
175
how many of those in electronics and munitions were women
1/2
176
how many americans were in favour of women helping in war industries
60% in 1942
177
where was there a notable 'hate strike'
Packard car factory in Detroit
178
what was the gender pay gap
women earned 50-60% what their male counterparts did
179
how many African Americans were unemployed
in 1940, 5.4 million were unemployed out of a population of 12.9 million
180
what was the wage of African Americans compared to white people
less than half that of their white counterparts
181
how many defence industries said they would not employ African Americans and who conducted the survey
more than half in a 1940 survey by the US Employment Office
182
which newspaper created the Double V campaign
The Pittsburgh Courier
183
who organised the March on Washington movement
A. Philip Randolph
184
how many were expected to attend the march on washington
100,000
185
what order to FDR issue to set up the Fair Employment Practices Commission
Executive Order 8802
186
what was FEPC
Fair Employment Practices Commission
187
when was FEPC set up
June 1941
188
which executive order increased the FEPC budget to 1/2 million
Executive Order 9346
189
how many instances of discrimination did FEPC investigate
8000
190
what was FEPC success rates
66% in the North-East
62% in the Midwest
55% in the West
191
what proportion of African American soldiers were overseas
16% in spring 1943
192
how many African Americans had been trained to fly by 1945
600
193
what was the name of the prominent all black pilot squadron
Tuskegee Airmen/332nd Fighter Group
194
how many were killed in the Port Chicago ammunition explosion
323 - most of them African American
195
how many sailors were arrested in the Port Chicago Mutiny
50
