Populism and Progressivism 1890-1912 Flashcards
(175 cards)
1
Q
how much did iron production rise by 1900
A
from 920,000 tons in 1860 to 10.3 million tons by 1900
2
Q
how many steel plants were along what distance of navigable river in Pittsburgh
A
38 steel plants along 42km
3
Q
how much oil did the Lucas Well in Spindlehop produce
A
70,000 to 100,000 barrels per day for 9 days
4
Q
how much of the nation’s oil did Oklahoma produce
A
25% by 1913
5
Q
how much of the total industry was controlled by large corporations
A
in 1904, 4% of the US companies produced 75% of the total industry
6
Q
how many major consolidations of corporations and trusts in the period
A
319 between 1898 and 1902
7
Q
how much of the nation’s electric power was controlled by Dupont
A
85%
8
Q
when was there a depression in the period
A
1893
9
Q
why did the 1893 financial panic begin
A
Reading Railroad declared bankruptcy
10
Q
how many businesses failed after Industrial Black Friday
A
24 a day in May alone
11
Q
how many companies and banks closed in the depression
A
15,000 companies and 600 banks
12
Q
how long did the depression last
A
4 years - from 1893 to 1897
13
Q
what was national unemployment rate in the depression
A
approaching 20%
14
Q
what was unemployment in Pennsylvania in the depression
A
25%
15
Q
what was unemployment in New York in the depression
A
35%
16
Q
what was unemployment in Michigan in the depression
A
43%
17
Q
when was the repeal of the Silver Purchase Act
A
October 1893
18
Q
how many strikes in 1886
A
1400 strikes involving 500,000 members
19
Q
when was the Pittsburgh Steelworkers’ Strike
A
1892
20
Q
what caused the Pittsburgh Steelworkers’ Strike
A
manager Henry Clay Frick cut wages at the Homestead Steelworks Plant
21
Q
what was the union that opposed the Steelworking Plant in 1892
A
The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers
22
Q
how long did the Pittsburgh Steelworkers’ Strike last
A
5 months
23
Q
when was the Pullman Strike
A
1894
24
Q
who ran the American Railway Union
A
Eugene Debs
25
how many were killed when troops fired on a crowd at the Pullman Strike
4
26
what was the Omnibus Indictment Act
it permitted the legal banning of strikes
27
when did the Omnibus Indictment Act remain in force until
1930s
28
how many immigrated to the US between 1860 and 1900
14 million
29
when did immigration reach an all time high
1901 to 1910
30
how did the population of immigrants in New York compare to the major cities of their original countries
in 1900 New York had more Italians that Naples and twice as many irish as Dublin
31
what was the Jewish population in New York
in 1914 it was 1.4 million out of a total city population of 4.7 million
32
what proportion of the San Francisco population was Chinese
1/10 in 1890
33
how many immigrants existed below subsistence level
by 1900, over 2/3 of those who had arrived in the previous 20 years
34
when did immigration from Japan cease
1908
35
how many African Americans in congress or state legislatures by 1912
none
36
what happened to world production of gold and silver 1865 to 1890
gold decreased but silver increased
37
what was the increase in silver production
from $150,000 in 1860 to $57 million in 1890
38
when was the Sherman Silver Purchase Act
1890
39
when was Cleveland president
1893-1896
40
when was McKinley president
1897-1900
41
when was Roosevelt president
1901-1908
42
when was Taft president
1909-1912
43
how much silver would the government purchase under the Sherman Silver Purchase Act
4,500,000 each month
44
how had the price of wheat fallen between 1860 and 1890
$1.60 a bushel in 1860 to 60 cents in 1890
45
how did price of cotton fall 1860 to 1890
30 cents a bushel in 1860 to 6 cents in 1890
46
where did American exports to Europe face increasing competition form
Australia, Russia, and Canada
47
when and where was the Populist Party formed
Omaha in July 1892
48
who did the Populists vote to represent them in the Democrat party for the 1896 election
William Jennings Bryan
49
how much did Mark Hanna spend supporting McKinley
$3 million
50
who was the wealthy businessman who supported McKinley in the 1896 election
Mark Hanna
51
how many speakers did Hanna send to electoral areas where voters were undecided
1500
52
which newspapers supported McKinley
most national newspapers including the New York Times
53
how many km did Bryan travel on his campaign
28,000km
54
how many campaign speeches did Bryan give
600
55
in which region did Bryan not win a single state
the North East
56
how many electoral college votes did McKinley win by
273 to 176
57
what was the typical working week
6 days, 72hrs
58
how many copies was McClure's magazine selling
750,000 copies in 1904
59
how many sales was Collier's magazine making
1 million per edition by 1912
60
which magazine began to expose political and business corruption
McClure's magazine in 1902
61
who were some notable muckraker journalists
Ida Tarbell, Lincoln Steffens, Upton Sinclair
62
when was the National American Suffrage Association set up
1890
63
when was the Anti-Saloon League founded
1893
64
where did Roosevelt make an important speech attacking trusts and launching New Nationalism
Osawatomie
65
when did Roosevelt decide to run against Taft for the presidential election
1911
66
when did Roosevelt form the Bull Moose Party
1912
67
whose deciding vote do some think was the reason for the decision to annex the Philippines
Vice President Garret Augustus Hobart
68
when did the US interest in Samoa begin
in 1872 when the King of Samoa offered the naval base of Pago Pago on Tutuila
69
which company hard turned Samoa into the most important trading post in the Pacific
the German Trading and Plantation Company
70
when was the civil war in Samoa
1898
71
when was the Tripartite Convention signed
1899
72
when was the US Naval Station Tutuila renamed and what was it renamed to
1911 - American Samoa
73
when did the US annex Hawaii
1898
74
what proportion of the Hawaiian population were American sugar growers in the 1890s
3000 out of 90,000 Hawaiians
75
when did the US establish its first major Pacific Naval base at Pearl Harbour
1887
76
when was the McKinley Tariff imposed
1890
77
when did the Hawaiian king die, resulting in the new queen leading a rebellion
1891
78
when was the Treaty of Paris
1898
79
how much did the US purchase the Philippines for
$20 million
80
how long were the US fighting a war of subjugation in the Philippines
4 years
81
how much did the war of subjugation in Philippines cost
$600 million
82
how many troops were stationed in the Philippines
126,000 in 1904
83
who led opposition to the annexation of the Philippines
the Anti-Imperialist League
84
how much of US exports did the Philippines receive
1% in 1897
85
when was the Spanish-American war
1898
86
what did a private letter from the Spanish Minister accuse McKinley of being
a 'weak bidder for the admiration of the crowd' in his Cuban policy
87
when was the Maine battleship exploded in Havana Harbour
1898
88
how many died in the Maine incident
266
89
how many US soldiers were killed or injured in the Spanish American war
79 killed and 5000 suffered yellow fever
90
who played an important role in the defeat of the Spanish
Cuban General Calixto Garcia and his army of 5000
91
how many troops were deployed to Santiago in the Spanish American war
7000
92
what possession did the US gain in Cuba in the Treaty of Paris
Guantanamo Bay
93
what countries were ceded to the US in the Treaty of Paris
Puerto Rico and Guam
94
when was the Organic Act
1900
95
what did the Organic Act do
placed Puerto Rico under the administration of the US
96
when were Britain and Venezuela in dispute over the border with Guiana
1895
97
what did the US threaten the British with if they didn't take the Venezuela-Guiana issue to arbitration
sending 54 vessels to the disputed areas
98
when did Roosevelt announce the Roosevelt Corollary
in a speech to congress in 1904
99
when was the Teller Amendment passed
1898
100
what did the Teller Amendment claim
the US would not annex Cuba
101
when was the Platt Amendment passed
1901
102
what did the Platt amendment do
gave the US control over Cuban foreign, financial, and commercial affairs
103
when was CUba's final treaty with the US signed
1903
104
what reductions did US goods get when entering Cuba
between 25-40%
105
when did US forces leave Cuba
1902
106
when did US forces return to Cuba due to election unrest
1906 and remained until 1909
107
when did US invade Cuba again to put down a revolt of former slaves
1912
108
which secretary of state tried to start negotiations with Colombia over the Panama Canal
William Seward
109
when did a French company begin to build the Panama canal
1881
110
what was the name of the American company that took over the building of the Panama Canal
the New Panama Canal Company
111
what did Colombia demand in return for the building of the Panama Canal
$15 million from the US government and $10 million from the canal company
112
when did the US support the Panamanians in their revolt for independence
1903
113
what US offer did Panama accept for the building of the canal
$10 million for a 16km wide strip of land for the canal
114
when was the Panama canal completed
1914
115
how many ships were using the Panama Canal after its completion
1000 annually within a year of completion
116
who was the anti-American president of Nicaragua
Jose Santos Zelaya
117
when were the economic privileges given to American miners in Nicaragua revoked
1909
118
what was the name of pro-American president installed in Nicaragua by Taft and the marines
Adolfo Diaz
119
who was Taft's secretary of state
Philander C. Knox
120
how did Philander C. Knox extend American influence in Nicaragua
taking over control of the Nicaraguan National Bank
121
when did the US send troops to Nicaragua and how many did they send when the position of Diaz was threatened by revolution
1912 - 3000 troops
122
when did the US establish a protectorate of Nicaragua through occupation
1913-1933
123
when did the Dominican Republic default on American loans
1903
124
what was the value of the Dominican Republic debt to the US
$40 million
125
when did Roosevelt take control of the customs revenue of the Dominican Republic
1904
126
when was the Open Door policy in China established
1899
127
which secretary of state established the Open Door policy with China
John Hay
128
when was the Boxer rebellion
1900
129
when was the Russo-Japanese war in which Japan defeated Russia
1904-05
130
what treaty did Roosevelt have a part in which negotiated the end of the Russo-Japanese war
Treaty of New Hampshire
131
when was the Root-Takahira Agreement signed
1908
132
what did the Root-Takahira Agreement dictate
Japan and the US would respect each other's interests in China and maintain the current situation in the Pacific
133
who was Roosevelt's attorney-general
Philander C. Knox
134
what did Roosevelt instruct Philander c. Knox to do which started his antitrust proceedings
start proceedings against the Northern Securities Company in 1902
135
when did the supreme court decide the Northern Securities Company was illegal
1904
136
how many antitrust prosecutions did Roosevelt carry out
44
137
which notable companies were prosecuted by Roosevelt
American Tobacco and Standard Oil
138
what did the Department of Commerce and Labour create in 1903
a new Department of Commerce with a Cabinet Secretary
139
when was the Hepburn Act passed
1906
140
what did the Hepburn Act do
give federal government commission the power to inspect the books of railroad companies and lay down maximum rates
141
which famous strike did Roosevelt intervene in, on the side of the workers
anthracite coal strike of 1902
142
how many acres of forest did Roosevelt place on federal reserves
150 million
143
how many acres were taken into public domain under Roosevelt
120 million between 1905 and 1909
144
when did Roosevelt organise the National Conservation Conference
1908
145
when was the Pure Food and Drug Act
1906
146
how many antitrust suits under Taft
80
147
what did Taft give the Interstate Commission the power to do
set railroad rates
148
what did Taft make the working day for government employees
8hrs
149
what was the 16th amendment
introduced income tax and corporation tax
150
what was the 17th amednment
introduced direct election of senators
151
who did Taft controversially fire
Gifford Pinchot
152
when did Taft host a special convention of congress to discuss tariff reform
1909
153
when was the Payne-Aldrich Act
1909
154
what did the Payne-Aldrich Act do
raised the tariff on 220 American goods
155
when did Booker T. Washington set up the Tuskegee Institute
1881
156
what organisation did Washington set up to help black workers adjust to industrial life
National Urban league
157
when and where did Washington give a speech claiming that if white Americans could regard African Americans as potential economic partners, the race question would be resolved
Atlanta 1895
158
what was the nickname given to Washington's Atlanta speech
the Atlanta Compromise
159
where did WEB Du Bois gain degrees
Fisk, Berlin, and Harvard
160
when did WEB Du Bois start arguing for more active resistance to discrimination
1900
161
when was the Niagara movement founded
1905
162
who was the first to introduce segregated railway carriages and when
a Florida railroad company in 1887
163
how many southern states brought in segregation on trains
8 between 1887 and 1891
164
which case reinforced segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson
165
how many of the supreme court justices ruled segregation was legal under 'separate but equal'
7/8
166
when was Cumming v. Board of Education
1899
167
what was the result of Cumming v. Board of Education
separate but equal ruling was extended to schools
168
what poll tax did Georgia introduce
$2
169
which state introduced poll tax
Georgia
170
which state introduced the Grandfather clause
Louisiana
171
when did the Grandfather clause begin from
1st Jan 1867
172
which state introduced voting literacy tests
Mississippi
173
when did Mississippi introduce literacy tests for voting
1890
174
how many were lynched 1880-1910
on average, 100 a year
175
