Reconstruction 1865-1877 Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
when was Lincoln president
A
1861-1865
2
Q
when was Johnson president
A
1865-68
3
Q
when was Grant president
A
1869-1876
4
Q
when did the south benefit from general prosperity and high cotton prices
A
1867-73
5
Q
what was the average white southerner’s income in 1870
A
2/5 that of a northerner’s income
6
Q
when was there a glut in cotton
A
early 1870s
7
Q
how did the government raise money for the civil war
A
by developing a sophisticated capital raising system based on Wall Street
8
Q
how much did the population increase between 1860 and 1880
A
in 1860, it was 31.5 million, by 1880 it was 50 million
9
Q
how many immigrated to the US in the 1870s
A
2.8 million
10
Q
when did the first transcontinental railroad open
A
1869
11
Q
how long was the journey from New York to San Francisco before and after the development of railroads
A
6 months shortened to 6 days
12
Q
how much did railroad track mileage increase by between 1860 and 1880
A
it tripled
13
Q
how many km of new railroad track was laid between 1868 and 1873
A
53,000km
14
Q
how many were employed by the railroads by 1900
A
1 million
15
Q
what was the annual turnover of the New York Stock Exchange in 1865
A
over $6 billion
16
Q
how big was the New York Stock Exchange globally by 1890
A
it was the second largest money market in the world
17
Q
what were duties on imported goods in this period
A
as high as 50%
18
Q
who created the concept of trusts
A
Henry Flagler, secretary for Standard Oil
19
Q
who dominated the US steel industry and why
A
Andrew Carnegie through his development of the Bessemer converter
20
Q
when was there a depression in this peirod
A
1873
21
Q
what company went bankrupt, causing the 1873 depression
A
Jay Cooke and Company
22
Q
why did Jay Cooke and Co go bankrupt
A
the failure of investments in the Northern Pacific Railroad
23
Q
what happened to the NY Stock Exchange in the 1873 depression
A
it was closed for 10 days and credit dried up
24
Q
how many were unemployed the winter 1873-74
A
1 million nationally
25
how many NY labourers were out of work winter 1873-74
1 in 4
26
how much did construction of new railroad lines decline by due to the 1873 depression
went from 7500 miles in 1872 to 1600 miles in 1874
27
how many cities in the US had a population over 50,000 before 1870
16
28
how many inhabitants did Chicago have by 1890 compared to 1850
30,000 in 1850 to over 1 million by 1890
29
what industries was Chicago leading in, in 1870
steel production and meatpacking
30
when was the homestead act
1862
31
how much did the price of a bushel of wheat fall by 1866 to 1869
$1.45 in 1866 to 76 cents in 1869
32
when was the National Labour Union formed
1866
33
how many gathered at Baltimore to launch the National Labour Union
77 delegates representing 60,000 workers
34
how had membership of the National Labour Union change due to the depression
it fell from a peak of 300,000 in 1872 to 50,000 in 1877
35
how many died in the civil war
618,000
36
what was the population of the north compared to the south
18.65 million in the north to 10.5 million in the south
37
what proportion of the northern population were foreign born
1 in 30
38
how many towns in the south had over 2000 residents
20
39
how much of the population did the south hold compared to its output of manufactured goods
35% of the population and produced 10% of the nation's manufactured goods in the 1860s
40
how much did the wealth of the north increase by in the 1860s
total wealth increased by 50%
41
what was the value of the war damage in the south
$1.1 billion - 40% of its pre-war wealth
42
how much of the south's invested capital was wiped out by the freeing of slaved
$1.6 billion
43
when was the term Manifest Destiny first used
John O'Sullivan in 1845 in an essay called 'Annexation', published in the Democratic Review
44
when could territories in the west become states
when the population reached 60,000
45
what did the homestead act give
160 acres of land to farmers if they farmed it for 5 years
46
who made the first claim on the homestead act
Daniel Freedmen for a Farm in Nebraska
47
when was the first claim made on the homestead act
1st Jan 1863
48
how many homesteaders settled on the plains by 1865
20,000
49
when was the timber and culture act
1873
50
what did the timber and culture act do
gave homesteaders an additional 160 acres if 40 acres were planted with trees
51
when was the desert and land act
1877
52
what did the desert and land act give
a further 640 acres at $1.25 an acre if some of the land was irrigated
53
what group moved west to escape religious persecution
the mormons
54
when did Lincoln sign the Pacific Railroad Act
1862
55
What did the Pacific Railroad Act authorise
two companies to build a transcontinental railroad
56
which companies constructed the first transcontinental railroad
Central pacific built east from Sacramento
Union Pacific built west from Omaha
57
where was the first transcontinental railroad finished and when
Promontory, Utah in May 1869
58
how many passengers did the transcontinental railroads carry in 1870 compared to 1882
15,000 in 1870, 1 million by 1882
59
where and when was gold found to start the second gold rush
near present-day Custer in South Dakota in 1874
larger deposits were found in Deadwood Gulch in 1875
60
when was the Treaty of Laramie
1868
61
what did the Treaty of Laramie recognise
that the Black Hills belonged to the Sioux tribe
62
when was the emancipation proclamation
Jan 1863
63
when was the Ten Percent Plan introduced
April 1864
64
what did the Ten Percent Plan dictate
rebel states would be admitted to the union if 10% of their electorate agreed to an oath of allegiance to the US, supported all existing acts of congress regarding slaver, and allowed African Americans to vote
65
what was the first rebel state to be admitted to the union
Louisiana
66
which radical senators introduced the Wade-Davis Bill
Henry Winter Davis and Benjamin Wade
67
when was the Wade-Davis bill introduced
June 1865
68
what were the requirements of the Wade-Davis bill
50% of the electorate of rebel states had to take a tougher oath of allegiance, excluded all those involved in the confederacy from any role in government, and demanded state constitution to be changed to abolish slavery
69
what was the outcome of the Wade-Davis bill
it was vetoed by Lincoln
70
when was the 13th amendment introduced and passed
introduced in Nov 1864 and passed Jan 1865
71
when was the Freedmen's Bureau introduced
March 1865
72
when was Lincoln assassinated and by who
14th April 1865 by John Wilkes Booth
73
what was the outcome of a bill in congress to strengthen the powers of the Freedmen's Bureau
it was vetoed by Johnson
74
what was the outcome of the Civil Rights Bill
it was vetoed by Johnson but this was overturned in congress by a 2/3 majority in both houses
it was passed in 1866
75
what was the 14th amendment
those born/naturalised in the US were citizens and all citizens were guaranteed equality before the law
76
what was the reaction to the 14th amendment
it was rejected by all ex-confederate states apart from Tennessee and failed to get the approval of the 75% of states necessary for it to become law
77
when was the Military Reconstruction Bill introduced
1867
78
what did the Military Reconstruction Bill impose
military rule on the south with the exception of Tennessee
to get back into the union, states had to accept the 14th amendment
79
what did the Command of the Army act do
reduced Johnson's military powers
80
what did the Tenure of Office Act do
prevent Johnson from removing office holders without congressional approval
81
why was the Tenure of Office Act introduced
to protect secretary of state Edwin Stanton who was a critic of Johnson
82
what led to the attempted impeachment of Johnson
Johnson fired Stanton, ignoring the Tenure of Office Act
83
when did impeachment proceedings for Johnson take place
1868
84
how many articles of impeachment did congress issue against Johnson
11
85
how long did Johnson's impeachment trial go on for
2 months
86
what was the outcome of the vote on Johnson's impeachment
35 senators voted against Johnson and 19 for him
this was 1 short of the 2/3 majority needed to impeach
87
how much of the popular vote did Grant win in the 1868 election
52%
88
what was the nickname for northerners who had taken up office in southern states under military rule
carpetbaggers
89
what was the nickname for southern whites who helped the new northern officials in the south
scalawags
90
when was the 15th amendment introduced
1869
91
what did the 15th amendment state
the right to vote should not be denied on account of race, colour, or previous conditions of servitude
92
when did Grant win a second term and by what % of the vote
1872 with 55% of the popular vote
93
when was Black Friday
24th Sept 1869
94
what was Black Friday
a financial panic as a result of a failed plot by a group of speculators to influence the government and manipulate the gold market
95
which of the gold speculators was Grant personally associated with
James Fisk and Jay Gould
96
when was the Whiskey Ring scandal
1875
97
what was the Whiskey Ring scandal
a network of distillers, distributors, and public officials conspired to defraud the federal government of millions in liquor tax revenue
98
why was Grant implicated in the Whiskey Ring scandal
his private secretary Orville Babcock was indicted in the scandal but Grant helped him be acquitted
99
when was the Hayes compromise
1877
100
what was the outcome of the 1876 election
Samuel Tilden won the popular vote by 250,000 but Hayes won the electoral college by 184 votes to 165
101
which voting returns were contested in the 1876 election
Oregon, South Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida
102
how many electoral college votes did the 4 contested states hold in the 1876 election
20
103
how much of the population did northerns make up in the south
no more than 2% in any southern state
104
from how early was Tennessee under democratic control
1869
105
which southern states were still under republican control by 1876
Louisiana, Florida, and South Carolina
106
how many years did southerners hold the presidency between 1788 and 1860
50
107
how many southerners were elected president between 1864 and 1914
1
108
how many supreme court justices were from the south between 1864 and 1914
7 out of 31
109
when was the Monroe Doctrine announced
1823
110
until when did the US refrain from fighting overseas
1898
111
why did the US go to war with Mexico in 1846
to support rebellion in California for independence
112
why was the US involved in Mexico in the 1860s
direct threat to the Monroe Doctrine as the French had established a puppet emperor and troops in Mexico
113
who was the French puppet emperor in Mexico
Maximillian
114
what was the US response to French involvement in Mexico
1866 Seward (US secretary of state) demanded French withdrawal and moved 50,000 troops to the borders
115
when did the US acquire Midway island in the West Pacific
1867
116
when was the Burlingame Treaty signed
1868
117
what did the Burlingame treaty do
endorsed the free movement of people and free trade between the US and China
118
when did the Dominican Republic offer itself for colonisation
1869
119
when was there an attempt by the federal government to annex the dominican republic
1870
120
when was the Alaska Purchase
1867
121
how much was Alaska bought for
$7.2 million
122
who was Charles Summer
Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations committee
123
what did Charles Summer ask of Britain as compensation for British support for the confederacy
£2 billion or the ceding of Canada to the US
124
when did Canada become a self governing dominion
1867
125
when did the US allow Fenian raids across the border into Canada
1866-1871
126
when was the dispute over British confederate support settled
1872
127
how was the dispute over British confederate support settled
Britain paid $15.5 million for damages caused by confederate commerce raiders
128
how many slaves were emancipated
4 million
129
how many African Americans were elected to congress during reconstruction
2 senators and 20 representatives
130
when did Johnson order confiscated land be returned to pardoned southerners
summer of 1865
131
when was the Colfax massacre
1873
132
which white supremacist organisations took part in the Colfax massacre
KKK and the Knights of the White Camellia
133
how many were killed in the Colfax massacre
between 60 and 100 men
134
when was the KKK set up
1866
135
when did the KKK terrorist activities reach a peak
1869-71
136
when was the Great Sioux War
1876
137
what did the government offer the natives in return for the black hills of dakota
$6 million
138
when was the deadline set for natives to return to reservations in the Great Sioux War
31st Jan 1879
139
when was the Battle of Little Bighorn
25th June 1876
140
who led the federal troops in the Battle of Little Bighorn
Lieut. Col. George Custer
141
who led the Lakota in the Battle of Little Bighorn
Sitting Bull
142
how many of Sitting Bull's followers were killed in the Battle of Little Bighorn
50
