Science

Question 1

What is the main function of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

It pumps blood around the body.

Question 2

What does blood deliver to the cells?

Answer 2

Nutrients such as oxygen and glucose.

Question 3

What does blood remove from cells?

Answer 3

Waste products like carbon dioxide.

Question 4

How does the circulatory system help fight disease?

Answer 4

White blood cells in the blood fight disease.

Question 5

What are the three main components of the circulatory system?

Answer 5

Heart, blood vessels, and blood.

Question 6

What kind of tissue is the heart mainly made of?

Answer 6

cardiac muscle tissue (and connective, epithelial, nerve tissue, too)

Question 7

What is the main organ of the body?

Answer 7

The heart

Question 8

Where is the heart located and what is its size?

Answer 8

Left side of the chest, about the size of a fist.

Question 9

What are the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 9

1. Upper – atrium/atria – collect blood
2. Lower – ventricles – pump blood

Question 10

What separates the right and left sides of the heart?

Answer 10

The septum, a thick wall of tissue.

Question 11

What is coronary circulation?

Answer 11

the flow of blood to and from the tissues of the heart. When coronary circulation is blocked, oxygen cannot reach all the cells of the heart, and a heart attack can result.

Question 12

What happens when coronary circulation is blocked?

Answer 12

Oxygen can’t reach heart cells, causing a heart attack.

Question 13

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 13

the flow of blood to the lungs and back to the heart.

Question 14

What is systemic circulation?

Answer 14

the largest kind of circulation in which oxygen-rich blood is pumped from the aorta, the largest artery in the body, to all parts of the body.

Question 15

Where does oxygen-poor blood enter the heart?

Answer 15

Oxygen-poor blood returns via the veins to the right side of the heart (main vein - vena cava) and enters the right atrium.

Question 16

What happens after blood leaves the right atrium?

Answer 16

Blood leaves the right atrium, passes through a valve, goes to the right ventricle and is pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary artery (Pulmonary Circulation).

Question 17

Where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 17

Lungs is where the exchange of gases takes place in the capillaries - waste carbon dioxide is exhaled, and blood in the lungs picks up new oxygen.

Question 18

How does oxygen-rich blood return to the heart?

Answer 18

Oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary vein and enters the left atrium, passes through a valve, then enters the left ventricle.

Question 19

How is oxygen-rich blood distributed to the body?

Answer 19

From the left ventricle, blood is pumped through the aorta, the main artery in the body, where oxygen-rich blood is distributed to all parts of the body (Systemic Circulation).

Question 20

What do capillaries do?

Answer 20

Capillaries connect arteries to veins and make the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide by diffusion, thus continuing the cycle.

Question 21

What do arteries do?

Answer 21

Carry blood away from the heart, are thick walled vessels.

Question 22

What is special about the pulmonary artery?

Answer 22

Pulmonary Artery carries oxygen-poor blood away from the heart to the lungs.

Question 23

What does the aorta do?

Answer 23

The Aorta carries oxygen-rich blood to the body’s cells.

Question 24

What do veins do?

Answer 24

carry blood back to the heart. Have one-way valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards

Question 25

What do the superior and inferior vena cava do?

Answer 25

Superior Vena Cava collects blood from head to heart. Inferior Vena Cava collects blood from neck down to the heart.

Question 26

What is the function of capillaries?

Answer 26

link arteries to vein Microscopic This is where the exchange of gases takes place – Oxegen diffuses into cells, and carbon dioxide diffuses out of cells.

Question 27

What is blood pressure?

Answer 27

Blood Pressure is the force on the walls of the blood vessels.

Question 28

Where is blood pressure highest? Lowest?

Answer 28

1. Pressure is highest in arteries. 2. Pressure is lowest in veins.

Question 29

What measures blood pressure?

Answer 29

Sphygmomanometer is the instrument used to measure blood pressure.

Question 30

What is a normal blood pressure reading?

Answer 30

120/80.

Question 31

What instrument is used to hear the heartbeat?

Answer 31

Stethoscope is used to listen to heartbeat.

Question 32

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 32

fatty build-up of plaque on arterial walls.

Question 33

What causes atherosclerosis?

Answer 33

diets high in cholesterol and fatty foods with little or no exercise.

Question 34

What can cause a heart attack?

Answer 34

Coronary arteries that become clogged can cause heart attack.

Question 35

What is hypertension?

Answer 35

high blood pressure, atherosclerosis can cause hypertension and makes the heart work harder.

Question 36

What is heart failure?

Answer 36

Heart failure can cause tiredness, shortness of breath; heart can’t pump efficiently

Question 37

What is cardiac arrest?

Answer 37

A heart attack

Question 38

How can heart disease be prevented?

Answer 38

1. Good diet 2. Exercise regularly 3. No smoking

Question 39

What is blood made up of?

Answer 39

Blood is made of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 40

What is plasma?

Answer 40

1. Liquid part of blood; makes up 55% 2. Made mostly of water 3. Oxygen, nutrients, and minerals are dissolved 4. Wastes from cells are carried here

Question 41

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 41

1. Have no nuclei and are disk shaped (like donuts) 2. Carry oxygen 3. Contains hemoglobin, which gives blood its red color from iron 4. Blood cells last 120 days; made 2 to 3 million per second in bone marrow 5. 600 red blood cells to 1 white cell Microscopic red blood cells

Question 42

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 42

1. Fight bacteria, viruses, invaders as part of your immune system 2. Lifespan varies from a few days to a few months 3. Fewer than red blood cells but larger than red cells

Question 43

What do platelets do?

Answer 43

1. Irregularly shaped cell fragments that help clot blood 2. Lifespan – 5 to 9 days 3. Aid in blood clotting – threadlike fibers called fibrin trap escaping blood cells and help to clot/stop the blood and form a scab.

Question 44

What are the four main blood types?

Answer 44

A, B, AB, and O.

Question 45

What is blood type O?

Answer 45

Blood type O is called the universal donor: Can donate to A, B, AB, O Can receive only O blood

Question 46

What is blood type AB?

Answer 46

Blood type AB is called the universal receiver/recipient. Can receive A, B, AB, O Can donate only to AB

Question 47

What is the Rh factor?

Answer 47

Blood can be positive (+) or negative (-) whether or not it has the Rhesus protein. If someone’s blood has the Rh factor, it is +. If someone’s blood lacks the Rh factor, it is -.

Question 48

What is hemophilia?

Answer 48

lacks platelets; blood does not clot.

Question 49

What is anemia?

Answer 49

blood does not get enough oxygen

Question 50

What is sickle-cell anemia?

Answer 50

abnormally shaped red blood cells (half a cell)

Question 51

What is leukemia?

Answer 51

excessive white blood cells

Question 52

What is AIDS?

Answer 52

lack white blood cells (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) – HIV is the virus.

Question 53

What is a transfusion?

Answer 53

A person may need to have a transfusion, which is the transfer of blood from one person to another. The blood type must match exactly, as well as the Rh factor.