NHP parasites Flashcards by Gillian Braden

Giardia

Protozoan

Small intestine

Subclinical +/- vomiting, diarrhea

NWM, OWM, apes

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Trichomonas

Protozoan

Intestine, stomach, pelvic cavity (rhesus)

Diarrhea in callitrichids

Tx: metronidazole

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Tritrichomonas mobilensis

Squirrel monkeys

Lower intestine

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Entamoeba histolytica

Colon, cecum

Streaming cytoplasm

Flask-shaped ulcers

PAS, Giemsa, trichrome

More severe in NWM/young

Severe diarrhea, hemorrhage, necroulcerative colitis, ambeic abscesses in lungs, liver, or CNS

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Plasmodium brazilianum, P. simium

NWMs

RBCs

Tx: Chloroquine followed by Primaquine

Usually persistant low parasitemia

Can cause anemia, cyclic pyrexia, hepatosplenomegaly, depression, death

Malaria hemazoin pigment in Kupffer cells

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P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. fieldi, P. fragile, P. inui

Macaques, Leaf monkeys

Usually subclinical unless immunosuppresed

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P. pitheci, P. rodhairi, P. reichenowi, P. schwetzi

Great apes

Usually subclinical parasetemia

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P. hylobati, P. youngi, P. eylesi

Gibbons

Fever with parasitemia, pathogenic

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Hepatocystis spp.

OWM, Apes

Blood, liver

Nonpathogenic

Numerous, random, gray-white foci on liver surface (merocyst)

Eosinophilic granulomatous rxn to ruptured cysts

Indirect life cycle (midges)

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Babesia pitheci

NWM, OWM

Severe anemia/death w/ splenectomy

Mild in immunocompetent monkeys

Indirect life cycle: ticks

Pyriform 2-6um

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Entopolypoides macacai

OWM, Apes

Usually subclinical

Hemolytic anemia and icterus following splenectomy

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Toxoplasma gondii

Prosimians, apes, OWM, NWM

LN, liver, lungs, spleen, intestine, brain, heart

Death, no clinical signs, neuro, anorexia, hepatosplenomegaly, ulcerative enteritis, lymphadenopathy

Banana-shaped tachyzooites

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Encephalitozooan cuniculi

Squirrel monkeys

Brain, kidney, placenta, lungs, liver, adrenal glands

None or nonspecific, death

Gram+, PAS+

Organisms in urine

Protozoa

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Prosthenorchis elegans, P. spirula

Acanthocephalans

NWM, prosimians

Ileum (spirula), cecum, colon

Anorexia, weight loss, diarrhea, death

Tx: Diathezine iodide

Indirect life cycle - cockroaches, beetles

Red-brown, thorny head

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Sarcoptes scabiei in OWM

Severe pruritis

Deep skin scraping

Ivermectin

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Sarcoptes scabiei in Apes

Anorexia, weight loss, tremors, alopecia, scaling, self-mutilation, bacterial dermatitis, death

Tx: Ivermectin

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Strongyloides cebus

Nematode

NWM

Usually no c/s or diarrhea, dyspnea, cough

Adult females - intestine

Filariform larvae - lungs

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S. fullerborni, S. stercoralis

OWM, apes

Intestin, filariform larvae in lungs

Diarrhea, hemorrhage, coughing, vomiting, enterocolitis

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Trypanooxyuris spp.

NWM

Cecum, colon

Nematode

Usually subclinical

Observation of adults at anus

Tx: Thiabendazole

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Enterobius vermicularis, E. anthropopitheci

OWM (vermicularis), apes (anthropopitheci), chimps

Cecum, colon

May be subclinical

Anal itching, self-mutilation, aggressiveness, ulcerative colitis

Observation of adults at anus

Oxyuriasis (pinworms)

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Oesophagostomum spp.

Most common nematode in OWM, apes

Cecum, colon

Weight loss, diarrhea, subserosal nodules in colon and mesentery

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Molineus elegans, M. torulosis

NWM

Pyloris, duodenum, pancreatic duct

Usually subclinical

Nemdatode

Ulcerative enteritis, serosal nodules in duodenum, chronic pancreatitis

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Ascaris lumbricoides

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OWM, apes

Intestine

Usually subclinical

Nematode

Deaths due to heavy infestation (intestinal blockage)

Trichospirura leptosoma

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NWM

Pancreatic ducts

Weight loss, wasting, pancreatitis, jaundice

Nematode

Pterygodermatities nycticebi, P. alphi

Prosimians, NWM, gibbons Intestine Watery diarrhea, anorexia, weakness, anemia, leukopenia, hypoproteinemia, pseudomembranous necrotizing enteritis

Trichuris spp.

Nematode NWM, OWM, apes Anorexia, mucoid diarrhea Bipolar operculated ova Cecum, colon

Anatrichosoma cynomolgi

NWM, OWM, apes Nasal mucosa, hands and feet (creeping eruption) Nasal discharge, pruritis of hands and feet, vesicles/pustules, regional LN enlargement Tx: Fenbendazole Nematode

Hymenolepis nana

Cestode Small intestine Abdominal pain, anorexia, vomiting, catarrhal enteritis, abscessed MLN Proglottids in feces Tx: Niclosamide, Bunamidine, Praziquantel

*Cysticercosis taenidae*

Cestode, larval dz Abdominal or thoracic cavities, muscle, SQ tissues, CNS C/s dependant on location of migration

Coenurosis - *Multiceps* spp.

Cestode, larval dz SQ tissue, peritoneal cavity, brain, liver Prosimians, OWM Usually subclinical except CNS

Hydatosis - *Echinococcus granulosus*

Abdominal, thoracic cavities, liver, lungs, retrobulbar, subcutaneous tissue Usually subclinical Anaphylactic shock/death after cyst rupture Intradermal skin test HA (hemaglutination assay) Cestode, larval dz

Gastrodiscoides hominis

Most common fluke of OWM (trematode) Colon, cecum Mucoid diarrhea, mild chronic colitis Indirect life cycle = snail

Watsonius spp.

Trematode OWM Intestine Diarrhea, severe enteritis, death

Paragonimus westermanii

Trematode OWM Lung, ectopic sites (brain, liver) Cough, wheezing, blood in sputum, moist rales, progressive weight loss Occurs frequently in cynos (from eating crabs)

Schistosoma mansoni, S. matheei

NWM, OWM Mesenteric veins Usuall subclinical, may be fever, hemorrhagic diarrhe Tx: Praziquantel Trematode

Schistosoma haematobium

Portal veins Hematuria, ascites Apes Trematode

Ternidens deminutus

OWM, Apes Cecum, colon Anemia, cystic nodules Zoonotic Direct life cycle Nematode

Ancyclostoma duodenale

OWM, apes Intestinal mucosa Human hookworm (nematode) Anemia, "pot-belly"

Nochtia nochti

Nematode (bright red worm) Asian macaques Prepyloric region Cauliflower-like masses at junction of fundus and prepyloric regions

Gongylonema macrogubernaculum or pulchrum

Spiruid nematode NWM, OWM Tongue, lip, esophagus, bronchi, stomach Indirect life cycle = cockroach, dung beetle Pruritis/excessive salivation

Physalopteria

Spiruid nematode NWM, OWM Stomach Gastritis, esophagitis, erosion Indirect lifecycle = arthropod

Capillaria hepatica

NWM, OWM, apes Trichuid nematode Hepatic parenchyma Cirrhotic liver, white foci on liver

Echinococcus granulosus

NWM, OWM, apes Cavities, liver, lungs, retrobulbar Mimics neoplastic dz Anaphylactic shock from rupture of cyts Hydatiodosis, cestode

Dinobdella ferox

Annelida (segmented worm) OWM Nasal cavity (nasal leech)

Pneumonsyssus simicola

Lung mite (pulmonary acariasis) OWM Lung Asymptomatic "Jelly-like" masses that have a small opening (mite houses)

Linguatula

Pentastome

Porcephalus

Pentastome NWM

Armillifer

Pentastome OWM

Gigliolella

Pentastome

Pentastomes

Linguatula, Porecephalus (NWM), Armillifier (OWM), and Gigliolella Asymptomatic NHP is intermediate host Adults found in the lungs of snakes

NHP louse

Pendicinus longiceps

P. brazilianum

Quartan fever

P. simium

Spider, howler monkeys Tertian fever

P. knowlesi

Cynos, pig-tailed, rhesus (fatal) Quotidian fever

P. cynomolgi

Cynos, pig-tailed, rhesus, Formosan rock macaque (M. cylopis) Tertian fever

Strongyloides cebus

NWM Diarrhea, dyspnea, cough Adult female - intestine Filariform larvae (lungs) Nematode

Differentiating Schistosomiasis eggs

S. mansoni - lateral spine S. hematobium - terminal spine S. japonicum - no spine

NHP parasites Flashcards

(57 cards)