nomenclature

Question 1

when is the prefix ‘hydroxy-‘ used?

Answer 1

when a nitrile group is present, e.g hydroxymethanenitrile

Question 2

when is the prefix ‘phenyl-‘ used? (3)

Answer 2

1) when the benzene is bonded to a functional group which is also used as a suffix
2) e.g amine (NH2) is generally used as a suffix so benzene cannot also be used as a suffix so phenyl is used as a prefix - ‘phenylamine’
3) e.g alkenes, phenylethene (We’re not taught a suffix to name Ethene as a side-chain)

Question 3

NO2

Answer 3

nitro group