Phenol
ring + OH
Ketone (carbonyl)
c double bond O
C-R
C-R
carboxylic acid
C double bond O
C -OH
C-R
Ester
C double bond O
C-OR
C-R
Alkene
C double bond C
Amide
C double bond O
C-NH2
C-R
Nitroalkane
R-NO2
Alcohol
R-OH
Alkyl halide
R-X (X=F,Cl,Br,I)
Nitrile
C triple bond N
R-C
Thiol
R-SH
Amine
R-NH2
Alkane
R-H
Aromatic
normal ring
Epoxide
3 member ring:
C-O-C
Alkyne
C triple bond C
Ether
R-O-R
Aldehyde
C double bond O
C-H
C-R
terminal carbon