Nose

Question 1

What are the functions of the nose?

Answer 1

Sense of smell 
Route for inspired air
Filters inspired air
Moistens and warms inspired air
Resonating chamber for speech

Question 2

What makes up the external nose?

Answer 2

Nasal bone
Frontal process of maxilla
Cartilage
Vestibule

Question 3

What is the first sign of a nasal bone fracture?

Answer 3

Swelling

Question 4

What is the main worry of a nasal bone fracture?

Answer 4

Obstruction of breathing

Question 5

What is the vestibule?

Answer 5

Area lined with skin containing sebaceous/sweat glands and hair

Question 6

What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

Frontal bone
Nasal bone
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone

Question 7

What forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

Nasal septum

• ethmoid + vomer bone
• cartilage

Question 8

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

Hard palate

Question 9

What forms the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

Bony projections (conchae)

• superior
• middle
• inferior

Meatuses - gaps between conchae

Question 10

What is the role of the conchae?

Answer 10

Slows airflow by creating turbulence

Increases surface area

Question 11

Where does the nasal septum receive its blood supply from?

Answer 11

Overlying perichondrium

Question 12

What can happen in a nose injury?

Answer 12

Damage to septum - shearing blood vessels

Blood accumulates sub-perichondrium = septal haematoma

Question 13

What can happen in a septal haematoma?

Answer 13

Saddle-nose deformity

Question 14

How does a saddle-nose deformity occur?

Answer 14

Avascular necrosis of cartilaginous septum due to septal haematoma

Question 15

What cranial nerve carries general sensation from nasal cavity?

Answer 15

CN V - trigeminal

Question 16

What is the nasal cavity lined with?

Answer 16

Mucous membrane

Question 17

What are the 2 parts of the nasal cavity?

Answer 17

Olfactory region

Respiratory region

Question 18

Where does the olfactory region lie in the nasal cavity?

Answer 18

Superior part

Question 19

What is the role of the olfactory region?

Answer 19

Contains olfactory receptor neruones - CN I

Question 20

What is the role of the respiratory region?

Answer 20

Filters air - mucous + cilia
Humidifies air - watery secretions
Warms air - rich blood supply

Question 21

What lines the respiratory region?

Answer 21

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium rich in goblet cells

Question 22

What are nasal polyps?

Answer 22

Benign swellings of nasal mucosa

Question 23

What are the symptoms of nasal polyps?

Answer 23

Blocked nose
Watery rhinorrhoea
Post-nasal drip
Decreased sense of smell

Question 24

What may suggest a nasal tumour?

Answer 24

Unilateral polyp +/- blood tinged secretion

Question 25

What is post-nasal drip?

Answer 25

Sensation of mucous dripping from back of nose down the throat

Question 26

What is rhinitis?

Answer 26

Inflammation of the nasal mucosal lining

Question 27

What can cause rhinitis?

Answer 27

Acute infective rhinitis | Allergic rhinitis

Question 28

What are the symptoms of rhinitis?

Answer 28

``` Nasal congestion Rhinorrhoea Sneezing Nasal irritation Postnasal drip ```

Question 29

What is epistaxis?

Answer 29

Nose bleed

Question 30

Where does arterial supply to the nose arise?

Answer 30

Ophthalmic artery | Maxillary artery

Question 31

What is the name of the anastomoses is the anterior septum?

Answer 31

Kiesselbach's plexus

Question 32

Where do veins from nasal cavity drain?

Answer 32

Pterygoid venous plexus

Question 33

What are the branches from the ophthalmic artery?

Answer 33

Anterior ethmoid | Posterior ethmoid

Question 34

What are the branches from the maxillary artery?

Answer 34

Sphenopalatine | Greater palatine